UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 43351 - 43375 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To ratify OP-CRC-SC
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 18) On 21 July 2011, San Marino ratified the two OPs to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography ... The two Protocols entered into force for San Marino on 26 October 2011.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Sexual harassment
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Slavery and slave trade are prohibited by the Criminal Code, which criminalises the acts of reducing someone in slavery and trading and trafficking in slaves. Moreover, other forms of reduction in slavery are criminalised, namely kidnapping, violation of sexual freedom, sexual abuse of minors or consenting incapable persons, sexual harassment, kidnapping with the purpose of engaging in sexual acts and corruption of minors. These provisions have been further supplemented by Law No. 61 of 30 April 2002 aimed at eradicating sexual exploitation of minors. San Marino has ratified the Supplementary Convention on the abolition of slavery, slave trade and practices comparable to slavery, as well as ILO Conventions No. 29 on forced labour, No. 105 on the abolition thereof and No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour. [Para 85]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Other
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    In the health sector, "mixed-use car parks" have been created: an identification mark is issued for parking in parking areas to ... pregnant women ..., without indicating the vulnerable category on the mark. This initiative aims to avoid discrimination and stigmatisation of fragile groups. [Para 35]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Kyrgyzstan

    Kyrgyzstan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    CIS
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue its efforts in the field of preventing and combating all forms of gender-based violence.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Honduras

    Honduras
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Take the necessary measures to strengthen the legal framework against discrimination, in particular by passing a comprehensive legislation covering all grounds of discrimination, including gender identity.
    Explanation
    Noted …. it is considered that there is no need to specifically include gender identity between the grounds for discrimination, since Article 4 of the “Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights and Fundamental Principles of San Marino Constitutional Order” already provides for a comprehensive prohibition of unequal treatment or discrimination with the wording “All shall be equal before the law, without any distinction based on [...] personal status”.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CHR of CoE ... recommended the introduction of legal protection for same-sex couples, in the form of a civil union or registered partnership, and in the meantime, the extension of the current protection enjoyed by couples cohabiting more uxorio (as husband and wife) to same-sex couples, including for stay permits. [Para 12]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Portugal

    Portugal
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    20th session, November 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-CRC-IC , which establishes a complaints mechanism.
    Explanation
    The OP-CRC-IC is currently being considered.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 15) In accordance with the recommendations accepted in the second UPR round: … (c) on 27 September 2018, San Marino acceded to the OP-CRC-IC, done at New York on 19 December 2011;
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Ghana

    Ghana
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    20th session, November 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt measures to ensure a fair representation of women in ministerial positions of the country.
    Explanation
    Women's right to vote and to stand as a candidate is exercised on the basis of gender equality. In order to address the low presence of women in institutions, the last electoral reform (Qualified Law no. 1 of 5 August 2008) provides that each party list for the general elections in the country shall not include more than two thirds of candidates of the same gender (the so-called "obligatory quotas for women")
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 40) San Marino has a very advanced legislation and provides for guarantees regarding the participation of women in politics and elected offices. Under Article 15 of Law no. 6/1996 and subsequent amendments, the electoral lists for the election of the Great and General Council (Parliament) shall not include more than two thirds of candidates of the same gender (the so-called "gender quotas"). In addition, the same electoral legislation provides that in the event of a tie between two candidates, the first criterion on which to make the choice is gender, and in case of a different gender, the woman is the winner. In this process of emancipation, worth noting is that, to date, 25% of the Parliament’s members are women.
    Para 41) In the six-month mandate from 1 April to 1 October 2017, for the first time two women were elected Captains Regent (Heads of State).
    Para 42) Currently, the Government has only one female member out of seven ministers, but recently (2008-2012 legislature) two key ministries (Foreign Affairs and Internal Affairs) were run by two women for the entire legislature.
    Para 43) The full participation of women in policy and decision-making processes is monitored by the aforementioned Commission and Authority for Equal Opportunities.
    Para 44) The Commission and the Authority often promote initiatives to raise public awareness of the difficulties encountered by women in their daily lives: to mention just one of these initiatives, on 8 March 2019, on the occasion of Women's Day, the initiative "In our shoes" was organised, with a particular focus on national activities and legislation to combat discrimination against women in both the labour and the political world.
    Para 45) In 2017, San Marino joined the Group of Friends for Gender Equality, with the aim of promoting women's leadership as a prerequisite for promoting international peace and development.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 25) The HR Committee … noted that the representation of women in political life remained weak, despite measures taken to remedy the situation, such as the adoption of Qualified Law No. 1/2008, which provided that each party list of candidates running for general elections should not include more than two thirds of candidates of the same gender. In that respect, the Committee noted with concern that only 10 of the 60 members of the Great and General Council and one of the nine Secretaries of State were women.

    Stakeholders Summary:
    Para 41) OSCE/ODIHR NAM interlocutors expressed dissatisfaction with the lowering of the number of preferential votes, noting that this could decrease the chances for women to be elected, …
    Para 67) OSCE/ODIHR observed that while women were well represented in the election administration, they were underrepresented in elected office. The impact of the gender quota on candidate lists can be limited due to the system of preferential voting.
    Para 68) CHR of CoE observed that the representation of women in politics remains very weak, despite some legislative measures to bolster it.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    With regard to labour, Law No. 40 of 25 May 1981 prohibits any discrimination based on sex at all career levels. Today, the overall number of working women in San Marino accounts for about 42 percent of the total workforce. In the last 30 years, a widespread economic welfare and several provisions aimed at supporting women have enabled San Marino women to rapidly increase their participation in the social life of the Country. In addition, a relatively high number of women holds middle and middle-high ranking positions both in the public and the private sector. Different benefits (financial, tax benefits and real services) are envisaged for female proprietorships or companies owned by women or whose corporate capital is owned for 2/3 by women not exceeding 42 years of age (Law No. 134 of 24 November 1997). Finally, equal treatment in the field of work is also ensured by many provisions protecting maternity. [Para 35]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Promote Public's awareness of diversity and respect for all persons' sexual orientation and gender identity, notably through human rights education and awareness-raising campaigns, including in schools.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Iraq

    Iraq
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Increase women representation in political life and in decision making positions.
    Explanation
    Noted … without prejudice to our commitment to improve the conditions enabling a greater participation of women in political life and in decision-making positions, the recommendations drawn up in this way are not deemed acceptable. As a result of the elections of 8 December 2019, more women sit now in Parliament and the number of women present in Government has remained stable. The increase in the number of women in Parliament indicates however that a natural process in underway.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Undertake studies to assess the prevalence and nature of violence against children and develop a comprehensive plan of action, based on these studies, for the prevention of and intervention in cases of child abuse and neglect, including the provision of services for recovery and social reintegration of victims. [Para 16; CRC]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Turkey

    Turkey
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Comment
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    Encouraged San Marino to consider the (HR) Committee's recommendation concerning the adoption of programmes and practical measures to combat gender-based violence.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Contraception
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    The HR Committeee ... also urged San Marino to ensure access to education and awareness-raising programmes focusing on the importance of contraception and of sexual and reproductive health rights. [Para 19]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    LC urged San Marino to make use, within the context of the refugee crisis, of the specific co-operation tools already available in the framework of Europol/Interpol which are specifically aimed at identifying victims of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. [Para 84]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    20th session, November 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accede to the OP-ICESCR.
    Explanation
    San Marino administration has already carried out an examination of San Marino legislation for conformity with the OP-ICESCR and after assessing it as compliant, it has started the accession process.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 15) In accordance with the recommendations accepted in the second UPR round: … (b) on 20 July 2015, San Marino acceded to the OP-ICESCR, done at New York on 10 December 2008, also accepting the competence of the CESCR under Articles 10 and 11 of the Covenant;

    UN Compilation:
    Para 2) The HR Committee welcomed the ratification of the OP-ICESCR …
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Holy See

    Holy See
    Regional group
    Observer
    Issue:
    • Inappropriate content
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    20th session, November 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to defend the institution of the family, based on the union of a man and a woman, and to keep providing assistance to those most vulnerable to human rights violations, particularly women ...
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 103) San Marino continues to defend the institution of the family. In recent years, as already extensively discussed above, numerous measures have been implemented to protect the weakest and most vulnerable groups. Some important interventions have been made to support persons with disabilities, with particular reference to measures supporting families taking care of them.
    Para 104) Decree Law no. 117 of 4 September 2018 "Measures to support parenting and family care" also extended parental leave in cases where, in the first 14 years of life, the child, although not disabled, develops a very serious disease, even temporary, such as to make the permanent assistance of a parent necessary.
    Para 105) Decree Law no. 47 of 21 March 2019 "Integration and extension of interventions in support of families" provides for special measures of solidarity with the family, such as the right to be absent from work, either alternately or jointly, some forms of flexible and accessible leave from work, and the possibility for colleagues of people who care for the disabled to donate their holidays.
    Para 106) Many financial aid measures are available to families facing a situation of poverty, although temporary. The measures are aimed at supporting households facing particular economic difficulties, taking into account the needs and number of members of the household, paying special attention to single-income families with minor dependent children, disabled, elderly or in situations of social malaise.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    20th session, November 2014
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    San Marino recognises the individual complaint mechanisms of the ICCPR, CEDAW, CRPD ... [Para 21]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    To sign and ratify OP-ICESCR.
    Explanation
    The possibility of acceding to the OP-ICESCR has been considered. However, taking into account the shortage of human resources within San Marino Administration and as already indicated in the national report and in the opening speech by the San Marino Head of Delegation during the seventh session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council, San Marino would not be in a position to guarantee full and effective implementation of Article 6 of the Optional Protocol.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 21) Moreover, it is considering the possibility of acceding to OP-ICESCR.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Holy See

    Holy See
    Regional group
    Observer
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Inappropriate content
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To continue to protect the institution of the family, based on a stable relationship between a man and a woman.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 73) San Marino continues to protect the institution of the family, understood as a union between a man and a woman which includes children born or adopted during the marriage ...
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "In 2009, JS1 reported that non-conventional family models such as unmarried partners, cohabitants and same-sex civil partners are not recognised and therefore do not have the same rights when it comes to inheritance or residency. JS1 stressed that San Marino should take all necessary legislative, administrative and other measures to ensure that no family maybe subjected to discrimination on the basis of the sexual orientation or gender identity of any of its members, including with regard to family-related social welfare and other public benefits, employment and immigration. [Para 21]"
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Serbia

    Serbia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the Istanbul Convention on the prevention and combat of violence against women and domestic violence.
    Explanation
    the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) was ratified by San Marino on 18 January 2016 and, subsequently, the San Marino Parliament adopted Law no. 57 of 6 May 2016 to implement and adapt San Marino legislation to the provisions of the Convention.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Law N° 66 of 28 April 2008, entitled Directives in regards to racial, ethnic, religious and sexual discrimination punishes discrimination based on sexual orientation, but does not make any reference to gender identity with regard to transgender or intergender issues. [Para 10]
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    Honduras

    Honduras
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Intensify efforts to eliminate gender stereotypes and take measures to ensure the representation of women in political life, by adopting adequate measures to make effective the provisions of the ICCPR.
    Explanation
    the San Marino legal system already contains measures to increase the representation of women in political life, such as the mandatory representation of at least 1/3 of women in electoral lists of political forces. After the last general elections, held on 8 December 2019, women participation in Parliament raised to 31.5%, compared to 26.3% of the previous legislature. In addition, one of the two Heads of State for the current six-month term and the Minister of Internal Affairs are women. With regard to public officials, women, also in managerial positions, hold most of these positions in San Marino.
  • State Under Review:

    San Marino

    San Marino
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Gender perspective in policies, programmes
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    34th Session, November 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    UNHCR recommended that the Government of San Marino establish a gender- and age-sensitive refugee status determination procedure. [Para 33]

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