UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 42026 - 42050 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Consider the possibility to introduce a system of automatic registration of children born in the country, regardless of the parent's nationality or status in the country.
    Explanation
    According to the Act on the Registration, Etc. of Family Relationship, when the father or the mother cannot register the birth of a child, relatives living with the child or the doctor or midwife involved in his/her delivery is required to do so, and a fine is imposed when the registration is delayed; as such, the government is making efforts to guarantee accurate birth registration. The birth registration of foreign children born in the Republic of Korea can be made through their respective countries' embassies in the Republic of Korea. In cases where the parents of children born in the Republic of Korea cannot make registrations to their country due to reasons such as refugee recognition, permission for stay including alien registration is granted to the children if the biological relationship with their parents can be confirmed by birth certificates issued by the hospital and other institutions.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 50) The universal birth registration requires mandatory birth reporting upon the birth of a child. The birth of a child of foreign nationals born in the Republic of Korea shall be registered in accordance with the laws of their countries even in cases where the parents are undocumented migrants. Children born to refugees can be registered as foreigners if they submit birth certificate issued by a hospital. The Act on the Registration, etc. of Family Relation was amended in May 2016 to allow a prosecutor or the head of a local government to report a child’s birth if the persons who are obligated to report fails to do and jeopardizes the child’s welfare.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 15) Noting the universal periodic review recommendation on a birth registration system, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that the birth registration system failed to ensure universal and compulsory birth registration and that foreigners whose children had been born in the country were not able to register their children through the family register, although their children might receive a birth notification document from the hospital.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 23) JS2 stated that the Government has refused to register births of children of foreign nationals. The parents might register the birth of their child through the embassies of their countries. However, refugees were often reluctant to approach the embassies to register the birth of their child.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Belarus

    Belarus
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Tighten the criminal responsibility for the crimes related to the sexual exploitation of children.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 53) In effort to prevent child sexual abuse, the Government strengthened education by expanding institutions obliged to take preventive education on sexual abuse including schools and workplaces. The Government has tightened punishment for sex crimes, designated police investigative team and prosecutors exclusively in charge of sexual violence, organized annual workshops to train investigators in charge of crimes against women and children, all to facilitate prompt response and investigation. The victims of sex crimes are assisted by public defenders and statement assistance. The sex offenders are not only subject to criminal punishment but also registered in the sex offender registry, and are
    forbidden to work in facilities designed for children and juveniles. The courts can order the sex offenders against children and juveniles to wear ankle monitors, and those offenders who are sexual deviant and over 19 years of age may be ordered to undergo pharmacologic treatment for up to 15 years.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Additional amendments to the Act on the Protection of Children and Juveniles from Sexual Abuse were made in September 2011. Put into effect in March 2012, the amendments recognize boys and male juveniles as victims of rape, make intercourse or sexual indecent assault committed against children with disabilities punishable by law even if assault or intimidation is not accompanied, and mandate a legal representation program to offer free legal assistance to children and juvenile victims of sexual abuse in criminal proceedings. Sex offenders against children and juveniles may also be subject to probation after serving full sentence. In addition, online service providers are responsible for deleting child pornography with a penalty for noncompliance. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ... CEDAW also expressed its concern about the limited number of women police officers available to deal with cases of sexual and domestic violence ... [Para 18]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Domestic violence or sexual assaults tend to be considered personal affairs and are not openly discussed. There is a need to increase the reporting rate ... [Para 17]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    JS5 stated that the employment rate of women in general was very low and the maternity leave system very under-used and recommended that the Labour Standards Act be revised to eliminate the measure which excludes a worker hired for domestic work from the definition of employee. [Para 70]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Ghana

    Ghana
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (OP-CRPD).
    Explanation
    Noted. Taking into account a number of factors, such as the discrepancy between the treaties concerned and domestic law, the need for enactment or amendment of relevant laws and impact of ratification, the ROK will continue to consider the ratification of the international treaties to which it has not acceded.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Strengthen efforts to combat all forms of discrimination, including against LGBTI persons, by adopting a comprehensive law and running national awareness campaigns.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government has devoted considerable legislative efforts to prohibit discrimination through the Constitution and 90 other legislations. Meanwhile, considering the controversy over the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the enactment of the general anti-discrimination law, which provides general remedial procedure for the victims of discriminatory acts, requires considerable examination and opinion-gathering process to reach public consensus regarding the matter. Furthermore, imposing criminal punishment for discriminatory acts requires a careful review.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Sierra Leone

    Sierra Leone
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Establish a comprehensive national birth registration system for foreign nationals to ensure the births of their children are registered.
    Explanation
    Noted. When children of non-citizens are born in the ROK, their parents can register the child’s birth via the embassy of their country of origin. The ROK permits the children of non-citizen parents to be registered as a foreigner and to remain in the ROK when the non-citizen parents are unable to register the child’s birth through the embassy because they are recognized refugees, seeking refugee status, or given humanitarian status, provided that birth certificates issued by hospitals prove the biological relationship between the child and his/her parents.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Maldives

    Maldives
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue measures to prevent, investigate and prosecute domestic violence offences and strengthen victim care.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Denmark

    Denmark
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ensure further efforts for the adoption of comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation prohibiting discrimination based on, amongst others, sexual orientation and gender identity.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Intensify its efforts to eliminate gender wage gap and promote women representation in political and economic affairs.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Iceland

    Iceland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act to end restrictions on consensual same-sex relations in the military.
    Explanation
    Noted. Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not uniformly penalize same-sex sexual relations, and is applied only in cases of direct and specific violation of military discipline and healthy community life.

  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    HRW noted the statement of official of the Ministry of Education made in 2017 that the new national sex education curriculum would not mention homosexuality. [Para 71]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Intensify efforts to promote women’s rights and to prevent and combat all forms of discrimination and violence against them, both online and offline.
    Explanation
    Already implemented.



  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    [The HR Committee] recommended, inter alia, that the Government not tolerate any form of social
    stigmatization of, or discrimination against, persons based on their sexual orientation or
    gender identity, that it strengthen the legal framework to protect them ... . [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Iran

    Iran
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Review the protection and prevention mechanisms on sexual violence in the military and prevent retaliation against those who reported sexual violence and to ensure the rights to justice and remedies for victims.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Lithuania

    Lithuania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take measures to increase women’s representation in public sector decision-making positions and seek to lower the gender pay gap.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Estonia

    Estonia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Reform the Criminal Code and other legislation to ensure universal access to safe and legal abortion.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    [The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination] recommended ensuring equivalent support and benefits to all marriage migrants and allowing them to change their residence status so that they could continue to live in the country after the marriage was terminated. [Para 91]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Empowerment of women
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Working Group [on discrimination against women and girls] recommended increasing the representation of women at all levels of government, particularly in managerial positions, with a view to achieving gender parity and their participation in elected positions, through the introduction of temporary special measures and measures to support the empowerment of women candidates. [Para 61]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To strengthen its efforts in bringing more equity in ensuring rights and opportunities of rural communities especially, ethnic minorities, women and children who live in those areas.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS3 recommended that professionals working with gender-based violence survivors are trained. [Para 63]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS4 stated that abortions were removed from the list of emergency medical acts and postponed. [Para 38]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Turkey

    Turkey
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To adopt and effectively implement measures to prevent and eliminate domestic violence against women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 108) Regarding the prevention and elimination of domestic violence against women (recommendation 13), Law no. 217/2003 on preventing and combating domestic violence has been recently substantially amended by Law no. 25/2012. One of the most important improvements of the law is the introduction of the restriction order, which is a measure of protection for the victim of domestic violence that can be issued by the court. Another specific measure of protection provided by the new law aims to improve the efficiency of authorities to support and advise victims in order to resort to legal means for sanctioning domestic violence cases.

    Para 109) Besides the legal improvements, a number of programs with national coverage were dedicated to this field of activity, based on a financing offered from the state budged by the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.

    Para 110) Also, in December 2009, a group of 12 EU Member States among which Romania, presented a proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the European protection order. The proposal was adopted in 2011 (Directive 2011/99/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the European protection order).

    Para 111) During the year 2010, at national level 36 informal campaigns were conducted, 19 domestic violence prevention projects and also about 37.000 persons received preventive information. In conducting the activities, external partners have been involved as well.

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