UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 49151 - 49175 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    The United Nations country team recommended that the Sudan amend its discriminatory laws and consider adopting a comprehensive anti-discrimination law to promote equality and fight against discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, religion, region, disabilities, sexual orientation or other social status. [Para 13]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Helena Kennedy Centre for international Justice … recommended to closely monitor the practice of child marriages and make sure they are happening legally and with consent following the CRC. [Para 78]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Paraguay

    Paraguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW and enhance efforts to combat discrimination and violence against women.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Canada

    Canada
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify all articles of the CEDAW without reservations.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Promote the full participation of women, youth and civil society in the Sudanese transition, including respecting commitments to quotas for women in representative institutions.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Step up efforts for acceding to and effectively implement the CEDAW, ensuring that women and girls' rights are at the core of the democratic transition process.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Chile

    Chile
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider amending the Nationality Act and Regulations to uphold the independent right of Sudanese citizens to confer their nationality without discrimination based on gender or marital status.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Pakistan

    Pakistan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider ratifying international instruments particularly the CEDAW.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 22) Sudan is in the process of ratifying the following instruments: • CEDAW (1979);
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    South Africa

    South Africa
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure provision of comprehensive and non-discriminatory health services to women and girls who have experienced sexual violence.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 82) With a view to ensuring the provision of integrated health services for women and girls who are victims of sexual violence, the Public Prosecutor issued circular No. 6 of 2016 under which women who have suffered violence or serious abuse are to be given priority access to immediate treatment and assistance. Under the order, such cases are given precedence over other cases and are not required to fulfil the requirements of schedule 8 before gaining access to testing, treatment or assistance. They also have the right to pursue legal action on the basis of the medical report, leading to the punishment of the offenders and compensation for the victim.

  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Timor-Leste

    Timor-Leste
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take further steps to eliminate female genital mutilation.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 24) The State has continued to reform and develop domestic legislation by amending existing provisions or passing new ones, in line with obligations arising from international instruments and with a view to promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. Since the submission of its second report, the State has issued the Constitutional Document for the transitional period in addition to a number of pieces of legislation, as follows: … (b) … • Criminalizing and punishing the practice of female genital mutilation (art. 141 (a) of the Criminal Code);
    Para 85) In recognition of the efforts the Government has made in this connection, in February 2019 UNESCO awarded its Prize in Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts to the National Council for Child Welfare for the success of the Saleema initiative to end female genital mutilation.
    Para 89) Social support is being provided to midwives and they are being given their own projects to run in order to improve their income and encourage them to abandon harmful traditional practices.
    Para 93) In order to raise the general level of awareness among security services and the judiciary regarding domestic and sexual violence and female genital mutilation, security and judicial officials have received training, both in Sudan and abroad, on the subject of violence against women and children.
    Para 94) (e) Female genital mutilation has been made a criminal offence under article 141 (a) of the Criminal Code as amended in 2020, and the Personal Status Act is being reviewed to bring it into line with international standards concerning age of marriage; (f) A strategy to end female genital mutilation 2021–2030 has been drafted and is currently in the final stages of approval, and a proposal has been made to include that issue in the school curriculum.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 48) The United Nations country team noted that, despite the recent adoption by the Sudan of a law criminalizing female genital mutilation, the prevalence of that harmful practice was alarming, with over 80 per cent of women nationwide subjected to it, reaching around 90 per cent in 7 of the 18 Sudanese states.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 71) The Helena Kennedy Centre for international Justice noted that Sudan has one of the highest rates of FGM in the world: It is reported that 88% of women aged 15-49 have been cut.


  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Belgium

    Belgium
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Sign and ratify CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Noted. Ratifying CEDAW is under consideration.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 22) Sudan is in the process of ratifying the following instruments: • CEDAW (1979);
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Poland

    Poland
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Noted. Ratifying CEDAW is under consideration
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 22) Sudan is in the process of ratifying the following instruments: • CEDAW (1979);
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Iceland

    Iceland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Marital rape
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Criminalize violence against women and girls, female genital mutilation and marital rape.
    Explanation
    Noted. Violence against women and marital rape are criminalized in the penal code, while FGM is being combated by both awareness raising and preventing the practice.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 24) The State has continued to reform and develop domestic legislation by amending existing provisions or passing new ones, in line with obligations arising from international instruments and with a view to promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. Since the submission of its second report, the State has issued the Constitutional Document for the transitional period in addition to a number of pieces of legislation, as follows: … (b) … • Criminalizing and punishing the practice of female genital mutilation (art. 141 (a) of the Criminal Code);
    Para 94) (e) Female genital mutilation has been made a criminal offence under article 141 (a) of the Criminal Code as amended in 2020, and the Personal Status Act is being reviewed to bring it into line with international standards concerning age of marriage;

    UN Compilation:
    Para 48) The United Nations country team noted that, despite the recent adoption by the Sudan of a law criminalizing female genital mutilation, the prevalence of that harmful practice was alarming, with over 80 per cent of women nationwide subjected to it, reaching around 90 per cent in 7 of the 18 Sudanese states.

  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ... Recommended Sudan to establish an independent investigation into those cases, and on other reported cases of extra-judicially killings of suspected SPLM supporters, ethnic Nubans and Christians, including women and children by the SAF and allied militias who are involved in. [Para 28]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Bahrain

    Bahrain
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Provide appropriate employment opportunities for women, ensuring equal wages for men and women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 33) The findings of a workforce survey to determine levels of employment and participation in economic life among men and women made public in April 2012. Among its more significant results, the survey showed that economic participation among both sexes increased from 39.3 per cent in 1999 to 43 per cent in 2011. The number of people reliant on paid work jumped to 40.1 per cent, standing at 43.6 per cent for men and 29.4 per cent for women.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Qatar

    Qatar
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Establish national mechanisms to combat violence against women, especially in Darfur.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 100) The five-year national plan to combat violence against women 2012-2016 has been adopted. The unit for combating violence against women and children follows up on the implementation of the plan by acting as a coordination mechanism between ministries, the provinces, civil society organizations and United Nations organizations.

    Para 101) The unit for combating violence against women and children has created 14 subunits at the provincial level, including 4 four subunits in four of the provinces of Darfur. A network of civil society organizations engaged in combating violence against women has also been set up in order to improve coordination between the State sector and civil society, and it focuses particular attention on the issue of violence against women in Darfur. A number of action plans for the provinces of Darfur have emerged from the national plan to combat violence against women, and these have been discussed with the European Union in Brussels.

    Para 104) The report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the prevention of violence against women and girls (E/CN/6/2013/4) mentioned the Sudan as one of 10 States to have reported on the establishment of coordination mechanisms, including task forces, dedicated units, working and interministerial groups and observatories.

  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Ecuador

    Ecuador
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Develop and implement national legislation explicitly prohibiting female genital mutilation and ensure its practical enforcement. Enhance school programmes and community education to raise public awareness about the harmful effects of this practice which constitutes a serious form of violence against women and a serious attack on human rights.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 105) Work began on a draft law to prevent female genital mutilation in 2007. The draft was reviewed by a national committee for the review of laws related to women's rights in 2012-2013, and a series of consultative meetings between the Ministry of Justice and parliamentarians took place.

    Para 106) In cooperation with UNICEF the Government has launched the "Salima" campaign which is a social media initiative designed to prevent female genital mutilation. It focuses on bringing about change in society rather than in the individual, making change socially acceptable and disseminating knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of female genital mutilation.

    Para 107) The National Council for Child Welfare, in cooperation with the National Council for Strategic Planning, drafted the national strategy 2008-2018 to prevent female genital mutilation in the Sudan. The aim of the strategy is to build capacity in institutions and in civil society, and to develop skills in society as a whole in order to help people to abandon this practice. Goals of the strategy include enacting legislation to prohibit and criminalize female genital mutilation, raising awareness in society, constructing local, regional and international partnerships, and mobilizing religious figures to play their part. The implementation of the strategy is proceeding as planned.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 36) UNESCO noted the strategy to eliminate female genital mutilation. It appeared, however, that the Sudan had not taken further steps to prohibit the practice and educate the women on their rights.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Ratify, without reservations CEDAW, OP-CEDAW...
    Explanation
    We do not accept the phrase "ratify without any limiting reservations". The reservation is a right to the State under international law according to Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 25 May 1969.

    The Government has subjected the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women to a wide consultative process with a view to bring on board the view points of the different sects of the society.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "In 2007, the Human Rights Council was deeply concerned about the seriousness of ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Darfur, including ... gender-based violence against women and girls, as well as the lack of accountability of perpetrators of such crimes. [Para 16]"
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "JS1 stated that in the employment sector, women in similar positions to men
    received lower salaries than their male counterparts and were denied promotions. It also
    stated that in Western Bahr el Ghazal State, the authorities marginalized educated
    women. [Para 60]"
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS10 recommended to accelerate universal health coverage including SRHR services, especially for marginalized and vulnerable groups ... and improve maternal mortality data by strengthening and institutionalizing maternal death surveillance and response system. [Para 63]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa recommended to ratify the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. [Para 5]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify remaining key international human rights instruments, including … CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Armenia

    Armenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW.