Displaying 451 - 475 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FranceFranceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Take action to effectively prevent and fight violence against women, particularly domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 38) Zero Tolerance of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence is a motto of the Albanian government. Law 47/2018 “On Measures against Violence in Family Relations’ has been amended to ensure compliance with the CoE Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Several protection measures, particularly related to domestic violence, included in Law 18/2017, are: prevention and reduction of cases of domestic violence; prediction of the preliminary emergency protection order; participation of the psychologist and the preparation of a report to the police: increasing the efficiency and cooperation of the responsible structures; increasing qualified judicial support for victims of domestic violence.
Para 39) On December 2017, the Assembly of the RoA approved the Resolution "On combating violence against women and girls and increasing the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for its prevention", and established the Permanent Parliamentary Subcommittee on Gender Equality and Prevention of violence against women.
Para 40) Amendments of the Criminal Code, recognising domestic violence, sexual violence, engagement in sexual activity by use of force between spouses or cohabitants and enforced disappearance against pregnant women, children and unprotected persons as a criminal offence.
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 43) The National Strategy on Gender Equality and Action Plan 2016-2020 provides specific objectives, indicators and budgets for each activity. The National Strategy and Action Plan on Gender Equality 2016–2020 provides for a comprehensive multi-sectoral response to gender-based violence and domestic violence and contains several measures on preventing and addressing violence against women, children and supporting the women and child victims. Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 46) An increase in reporting and cases management, particularly in cases of domestic violence, has been evidenced by the State Police. During 2016–2018, there are in total 13661 cases of domestic violence: 6187 claims for Emergency Protection Orders and Protection Orders (EPO / PO-7837 women and girls identified as victims of violence. 7847 lawsuits for EPO/PO.
Para 47) According to the General Prosecution Office, in relation with criminal offense "Domestic Violence" from 2016–2018, the number of recorded criminal proceedings is: 3566 cases, with an increase of percentage year by year. The Prosecution Office submitted before the court over 79% of the criminal proceedings cases.
Para 48) An online registration system on statistical data on domestic violence at the local level is operational. National Data System on domestic violence cases at the local level (REVALB) is used by 22 municipalities. Local violence coordinators in each municipality collect data on cases identified and addressed by the Referral Mechanism for Addressing Cases of Domestic Violence (Referral Mechanism). The system registers every case of violence identified and addressed by the local referral mechanism.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 50) The awareness raising activities have been organized by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection within “the 16 days of activism against gender based violence and domestic violence” (25 November-10 December yearly), in close cooperation with line ministries, civil society organisations, international organizations.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 30) The United Nations country team noted that the amendments made in 2018 to the law on measures against domestic violence had improved the legal definition of domestic violence, … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 15) Joint Submission 2 (JS2) reported that the Criminal Procedure Code was amended by Law no. 35/2017 and for the first time stipulated the procedural rights of victims of trafficking and sexual violence. It stated, however, that the country’s legislation did not guarantee the victims’ compensation. Under the Criminal Procedure Code, the State had the sole and exclusive ownership over the assets obtained through the seizure of criminal proceeds.
Para 26) JS5 reported that domestic violence remained a widespread problem in Albania and exceeded all other crimes as the offence with the largest number of victims.78 It stated that there had been an increase in the number of prosecutions for repeat offenses and for violating civil orders for protection.
Para 27) JS5 and JS2 reported that the recent amendments to the Law “On measures against violence in domestic relations” 7/2018, for the first time, provided for Emergency Protection Orders by the State Police. JS5 also reported that article 130/a of the Criminal Code defined domestic violence, but did not cover current or former partners where the victim and perpetrator were not married or did not live together. Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
Para 30) JS5 further observed that the number of protection orders increased by one third due to increased awareness by victims of domestic violence, as well as the increased accountability of responsible institutions in addressing domestic violence. JS5 noted that courts dismissed an alarming number of protection order cases mostly because the petitioner had asked to withdraw the request or because the offender had failed to show up to the court hearing or following reconciliation. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FranceFranceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Intensify efforts in the fight against all forms of discrimination, in particular against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons and minorities, by fully implementing the Law on Protection against Discrimination.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 120) The National Action Plan for Non-discrimination on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 2012-2014 and the National Action Plan for LGBTI Persons 2016-2020 foresee several measures to address discrimination and integration of these groups. The strategic goals are: Improving the legal and institutional framework, as well as raising awareness on non-discrimination and protection of LGBTI people's rights, in line with international standards; Elimination of all forms of discrimination against the LGBTI community, through capacity building of law enforcement structures; Improving access to employment, education, health, housing and sports for LGBTI persons, while guaranteeing their equal opportunities.
UN Compilation:
Para 6) The United Nations country team noted that despite legal developments to promote non-discrimination, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons persisted, including denial of their right to marry and have a family, the right to gender reassignment surgery for transgender persons, and the right to self-determination in relation to bodily integrity for intersex persons. The country team also noted that there was an urgent need to improve the range of and access to high quality sexual and reproductive health services for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. It recommended that Albania enforce the current legislation and national action plan and improve access to sexual and reproductive health services. 13 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that it had led the “free and equal” campaign to promote equal rights for and fair treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, through the media and national events.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 5) Joint Submission 3 (JS3) stated that Article 18 of the Constitution included the grounds for prohibition from discrimination and did not include sexual orientation and gender identity as a prohibited ground for discrimination. It noted the adoption of the 2015 resolution by the Parliament “On protection of rights and freedoms of persons belonging to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community in Albania” , of the LGBTI National Action Plan for 2016-2020, and of the 2015 amendments to the Labour Code prohibiting discrimination in employment and professions on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. S3 reported, however, that the Family Code defined marriage only between a man and a woman, and did not guarantee the right of LGBTI couples to adopt or have children via artificial insemination, limiting patrimonial rights. Despite the development of a manual on detecting hate crimes on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, and of a series of trainings for police officers, JS3 observed that the police force remained largely untrained and uninformed on LGBTI rights. The number of reported hate-crime cases on the ground of sexual orientation and gender identity was very low and data collection on hate crimes was still lacking. JS3 also noted the reported frequent use of homophobic slurs and bullying against LGBT students in schools, while school psychologists largely ignored the requests for support and, in some cases, offered conversion therapies. JS3 further noted that transgender students were forced to drop out from schools because of isolation and discrimination.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 20) JS7 reported that LGBTI persons lacked full access to healthcare and experienced poor quality of service due to discrimination, stigmatization and negative attitudes. JS3 specified that transgender persons faced discrimination or refusal of services from health professionals on the grounds of their gender identity, and that there were no medical multidisciplinary team working with intersex babies nor written protocols for establishing intersex diagnosis.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:BrazilBrazilRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Amend the Criminal Code in order to for it to contain a specific provision stating that a child victim of prostitution should not be prosecuted and criminalizing the offences of offering, obtaining and providing a child for prostitution.ExplanationAmendments to the Criminal Code in 2013 provide child protection from prostitution and specifically exploitation of juvenile prostitution, as well as severing of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of this crime.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 12) Law No. 7895/1995 “On the Criminal Code” has undergone a series of amendments, including definition of several criminal offences, and provided for more severe criminal sentences in the field of gender-based violence and child protection, including for sexual abuse and economic exploitation of children.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 13) In 2016, the Council of Europe Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CoE-GRETA) … … referred to a surge in the number of female victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and child victims trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and/or begging during the tourist season.
Para 36) JS1 reported of constantly increasing numbers of crimes of sexual nature, including against children. It stated that the low rate of reporting to the police and consequently to the justice system was mainly due to the associated shame.114 CoE-Commissioner noted the amendments to the Criminal Code which provided for safeguards for the protection of children from sexual crimes and economic exploitation, increased the maximum sentence for crimes of child sexual abuse and added a new offence criminalising violence of a sexual nature in the Criminal Code.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:... Amendments to the [Penal] Code envisage gender identity and sexual orientation as aggravating circumstances when committing offences and provide for severe punishments for cases of discrimination on the above grounds. Moreover, the criminal offences on "inciting hatred and conflict" and "denying equality of citizens" were amended by including sexual orientation and gender identity ... [Para 4] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:The Code of Administrative Procedures sanctions the principle of non-discrimination by reason of gender in the relations with administrative authorities. The Labor Code, the Law "On the status of the civil servant" and other legal acts and by-laws establish a complete legal framework aiming at the non-discrimination of women in the work relations. Nonetheless, the participation of women at an active age in work (according to the official data) is relatively low at the level of 50 per cent which is explained by a higher employment of women in the informal sector. Women constitute 50 per cent of the unemployed people in Albania (the unemployment rate is 13, 2 per cent). In other certain branches, women represent the majority of the employed people (in the processing industry they constitute 68 per cent of the employed people, in banking, education and health 54 per cent). [Para 91] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:Reference AddressedContents:CESCR recommended that Albania step up necessary measures to promote equality between men and women and invited Albania to consider establishing an independent mechanism for the coordination and evaluation of activities relating to gender equality. [Para 22] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:IcelandIcelandRegional groupWEOGIssue:
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Amend the Family Law to provide legal recognition for same-sex partnerships and adopt provisions that allow for legal gender recognition of trans individuals.
ExplanationNoted. In relation with the amendments of the Family Code to provide legal recognition for the same sex partnership, and same sex civil union as is stated specifically in the above recommendations, the Government of the Republic of Albania is currently not planning (for the next 4 years) proposals to include these amendments on the Family Code.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CroatiaCroatiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Reinforce measures to protect victims of human trafficking and all forms of abuse with due regard to the situation of child and women victims.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CanadaCanadaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Gender equality
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Continue the fight against inequalities between men and women, in particular by allocating the necessary resources to combat violence against women.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:AlgeriaAlgeriaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICALIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Guarantee better protection for women and children, by putting in place mechanisms which provide early warning of signs of violence.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:DenmarkDenmarkRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Strengthen the support for victims of domestic violence, especially women and children, by increasing the number of shelter spaces in line with article 23 of the Istanbul Convention.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Early marriage
- "Honour crimes"
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Reference AddressedContents:CEDAW … recommended that Albania prohibit all harmful practices, including child marriage, the practice of families choosing husbands for their female relatives, and killings or other crimes committed in the name of so-called honour, and that it prosecute and adequately punish the perpetrators of those practices. [Para 31]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexuality education
- Marginalized groups of women
- Women's and / or girls' rights
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:JS7 also reported that significant numbers of Roma and Egyptian women did not receive any medical care, including antenatal checkups, checkups during pregnancy, postnatal health checks and were affected by various health problems. They also experienced infant mortality due to socio-economic factors and insufficient access to healthcare. Furthermore, Roma and Egyptian women had less access to comprehensive sexuality education and sexual reproductive health services. [Para 21]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:CEDAW recommended that Albania address gender stereotypes that perpetuate discrimination against women. [Para 6] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:NetherlandsNetherlandsRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Amend the economic aid law and the property law so that they in no circumstances discriminate against women. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:AzerbaijanAzerbaijanRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICCISIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify CRPD.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 43) The CRPD was ratified by the Albanian Assembly in November 2012. Concerning the OP of the Convention, the Albanian authorities are evaluating this recommendation and shall soon consider its signing and ratification. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Sign and ratify the OP-CRPD. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:DenmarkDenmarkRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Provide the necessary support, including adequate shelter, to all victims of domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 78) The provision of services to victims of domestic violence has been strengthened. The number of children accommodated annually is relatively consistent, from 38–59 cases per year. A tailored integration service plan is developed for each child that includes their enrolment and monitoring of school attendance. Various awareness-raising and entertainment activities are carried out aiming to develop their social and cognitive skills. Specialist social workers and psychologists at the centre support the mothers to become part of the employment and housing schemes offered by the local government or non-profit organisations, in order to improve their financial situation. Other services available to victims, provided by public and private centres include, housing and psycho-social support, referral for medical care, legal aid, professional training courses, and employment mediation.
UN Compilation:
Para 30) … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 27) … Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UruguayUruguayRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue taking the necessary measures of accountability to ensure full compliance in all sectors with the national legislation in the field of gender rights and equality. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue strengthening measures which favour full gender equality, paying special attention to the integration of women into the labour market without discrimination, in line with the measures established in the 2013 European Union Progress Report.ExplanationStrengthening of the measures on gender equality are focused on the integration of women into the labour market, in particular for women from vulnerable groups, through the implementation of the National Strategy on Gender Equality, Reduction of Gender-Based Violence and Domestic Violence 2011-2015 and the National Strategy for Employment 2014-2020, namely:
- Promoting equal work opportunities through effective policies in the labour market;
- Increasing the number of males and females by providing quality education and vocational training programs;
- Increasing their participation in vocational training, especially for women and their employment.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
Para 34) [CEDAW] was also concerned about the concentration of women in the informal labour market without adequate labour and social protection, the significant gender wage gap, particularly in the private sector, and the extremely low minimum wage that disproportionately affected women.83 The United Nations country team raised similar concerns.
Para 35) [CEDAW] welcomed the adoption of the action plan for supporting women entrepreneurs for 2014–202085 and the amendment made in 2014 to the Law on Social Assistance and Social Services, which provided for social assistance to be paid directly to women. Nevertheless, the Committee noted with concern the limited implementation of those measures, in particular at the local level and with regard to women and girls belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 23) … JS1 also stated that girls often had fewer opportunities to attend secondary and tertiary education compared to boys.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:AI recommended that Albania identify and overcome the factors which result in the majority of petitions for protection orders being withdrawn, ensure that, when granted, protection orders effectively secure the safety of victims, and that perpetrators who break such orders are sanctioned in accordance with the law. AI recommended that Albania ensure that all reports of domestic violence are thoroughly investigated and perpetrators are brought to justice. [Para 16] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:BelgiumBelgiumRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Early marriage
- Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
Type:QuestionSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:Which concrete measures have been taken by the Government of Albania to fight against harmful traditions, including blood feud-related crimes, child marriages, the practice of family choosing the husband and the payment of a bride price or dowry? -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:The legal measures in this field have aimed at the prevention of the phenomenon of women trafficking and prostitution and at the severe punishment of the perpetrators of these criminal offenses, specifying and broadening the aggravating circumstances of the criminal offense. Beginning from 2001 and in continuation the Criminal Code has stipulated as criminal offenses "Trafficking in persons", "Trafficking in women", "Trafficking in children", "Pornography", "Aid to the illicit border-crossing", "Ill-treatment of minors", which punishes the phenomenon of child exploitation to forced labor, begging and other services. Also the adoption of the Law "On the prevention and fight against the organized crime" (2004), Law "On the protection of witnesses and justice collaborators" (2004), Law "On the pronouncement of the moratorium on the sailing vessels in the Republic of Albania" (2006) has served this purpose as well. [Para 101] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:NetherlandsNetherlandsRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Enhance efforts to implement the LGBTI National Action Plan, particularly the review of academic curricula on gender stereotypes and gender identity in line with Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 10.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MalaysiaMalaysiaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANOICCommonwealthIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Make improvements in the health sector to address the concern raised by the CEDAW concerning mother to child transmission of HIV.