Displaying 41976 - 42000 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:NeglectedContents:JS5 stated that the employment rate of women in general was very low and the maternity leave system very under-used and recommended that the Labour Standards Act be revised to eliminate the measure which excludes a worker hired for domestic work from the definition of employee. [Para 70] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Women's participation
Type:Review DocumentationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:N/AContents:The participation of women in policy-making processes has been increased with the introduction of the Equal Employment Initiative for Women as well as the amendment of the Act on Elections for Public Officers which calls for at least 50 per cent of the political parties' candidates for proportional representation in the National Assembly to be women. Social activities of women have increased as well in the labor market with the establishment of the Basic Plan on Gender Equality in Employment, the establishment of the Comprehensive Human Resources Development Plan for Women and the enactment of the Act for the Creation of a Family-Friendly Social Environment. [Para 73] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:DenmarkDenmarkRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Ensure further efforts for the adoption of comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation prohibiting discrimination based on, amongst others, sexual orientation and gender identity.
ExplanationNoted. The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:IcelandIcelandRegional groupWEOGIssue:
- Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Repeal Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act to end restrictions on consensual same-sex relations in the military.
ExplanationNoted. Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not uniformly penalize same-sex sexual relations, and is applied only in cases of direct and specific violation of military discipline and healthy community life.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:ItalyItalyRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Intensify efforts to promote women’s rights and to prevent and combat all forms of discrimination and violence against them, both online and offline.
ExplanationAlready implemented.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Adopt complete legislation against discrimination dealing with all parts of life explicitly and prohibiting discrimination on all grounds, notably based on race, sexual orientation and gender identity.ExplanationNoted. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:IranIranRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICIssue:
- Sexual violence
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Review the protection and prevention mechanisms on sexual violence in the military and prevent retaliation against those who reported sexual violence and to ensure the rights to justice and remedies for victims.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UruguayUruguayRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Strengthen legal framework to protect people belonging to the LGBTI community, avoiding practices, known as conversion therapies in state premises.ExplanationNoted. The ROK deems it inadequate for a government to prohibit conversion therapy conducted in the private sphere. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:LithuaniaLithuaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Take measures to increase women’s representation in public sector decision-making positions and seek to lower the gender pay gap.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:KazakhstanKazakhstanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICCISIssue:
- Birth registration
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:AcceptedContents:Consider establishing a system which guarantees all children, regardless of the parents’ nationality and status, the right to birth registration. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:EstoniaEstoniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Abortion
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Reform the Criminal Code and other legislation to ensure universal access to safe and legal abortion.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:ZambiaZambiaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:AcceptedContents:Amend the legislation to ensure that perpetrators of domestic violence are punished, while the state improves the victim support system. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:[The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination] recommended ensuring equivalent support and benefits to all marriage migrants and allowing them to change their residence status so that they could continue to live in the country after the marriage was terminated. [Para 91]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Russian FederationRussian FederationRegional groupEEGPolitical groupCISIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Marginalized groups of women
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure that foreign women who become victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse, trafficking in human beings and other forms of violence be guaranteed access to justice. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Abortion
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Reference AddressedContents:NHRCK recommended the provision of access to safe abortion, including insurance coverage of abortion. [Para 15]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:Review DocumentationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS1 stated that the Government should enact a comprehensive anti-discrimination act that prohibits all forms of discrimination, including race, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity through discussions with civil society and key stakeholders. [Para 21] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Reference AddressedContents:The [ILO] Committee of Experts asked the Government to address effectively the existing gender pay gap and to achieve gender equality in employment and occupation. [Para 38]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Marginalized groups of women
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:Review DocumentationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Reference AddressedContents:In 2012, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination urged the authorities to ensure that foreign women who were victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse, trafficking or other forms of violence could confidently access justice, and that women victims of violence were guaranteed a legal stay in the country until they recovered. [Para 57] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Abortion
Type:Review DocumentationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:NeglectedContents:The rate of abortion among women between 20 and 24 is high [Para 30; CEDAW]. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:CzechiaCzechiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
Type:RecommendationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:Unclear ResponseContents:That discrimination on basis of sexual orientation also be included in the draft antidiscrimination bill.ExplanationIt is interpreted that discrimination is prohibited by the Constitution, human rights treaties and relevant domestic laws. The National Human Rights Commissions conducts its activities against discriminatory practices.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 45) The Government has continued its research and review on a general act on anti- discrimination, encompassing grounds for discrimination such as gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. While studying relevant domestic legislations, international human rights norms, and legislations of other countries, the Government has sought to address social and economic issues that can be entailed in the enactment of a general anti- discrimination act and to strike a balance between the right to equality and the principle of private autonomy. In 2010, the Government organized a special sub-committee consisting of government officials from relevant ministries, academics, legal experts and interest groups for in-depth discussions in this regard. In 2011, two draft bills for anti- discrimination proposed by lawmakers were submitted to the National Assembly, but they expired with the conclusion of the 18th National Assembly session in May 2012.
UN Compilation:
Para 8) CEDAW regretted the slow progress in the adoption of the Anti- Discrimination Bill which had been on hold since May 200834 with CESCR and CRC regretting that the legislative definition of discrimination does not contain an express prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and nationality. The Government in its replies to CERD in 2008 indicated that it was redoubling its efforts to introduce the Anti- Discrimination Act. CEDAW called for urgent steps to be taken towards the adoption of a comprehensive Anti-Discrimination Act, in line with the Convention and article 2 (4) of the NHRC Act. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:BelgiumBelgiumRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Gender equality
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:AcceptedContents:As recommended by CEDAW, that a definition on discrimination against women in compliance with Article 1 of CEDAW be adopted and that the fight against trafficking in foreign women be intensified.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 45) The Government has continued its research and review on a general act on anti- discrimination, encompassing grounds for discrimination such as gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. While studying relevant domestic legislations, international human rights norms, and legislations of other countries, the Government has sought to address social and economic issues that can be entailed in the enactment of a general anti- discrimination act and to strike a balance between the right to equality and the principle of private autonomy. In 2010, the Government organized a special sub-committee consisting of government officials from relevant ministries, academics, legal experts and interest groups for in-depth discussions in this regard. In 2011, two draft bills for anti- discrimination proposed by lawmakers were submitted to the National Assembly, but they expired with the conclusion of the 18th National Assembly session in May 2012.
Para 52) The Government submitted to the National Assembly in November 2011 the amendments to the Criminal Act. The proposed amendments prohibit acts stipulated in the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking annexed to the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime with relevant penal provisions. Having expired as the 18th National Assembly session closed in May 2012, the bill will be re-submitted to the 19th National Assembly. The Government plans to take domestic procedures required to ratify the Protocol after the proposed amendments are passed.
Para 53) In order to prevent inter-country marriage suspected of human trafficking, the Government amended the Act on Management of Marriage Brokerage Agency in 2010. The amendment requires international marriage brokerage agencies to provide personal information of service users to each other in writing and to offer translation and interpretation services to facilitate communication between the would-be couple. In February 2012, the Act was amended again to add provisions prohibiting certain acts of the brokers that may lead to trafficking with a penalty for non-compliance. In addition, local governments in charge of the registration of international marriage brokerage agencies regularly monitor practices of the agencies in cooperation with relevant authorities.
Para 54) As an effort to deter the international sex trade, Korean nationals convicted of sex trade abroad may now be denied of issuing or renewing passports, upon the notification by Office of Prosecution to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Para 55) Foreign women, who are acknowledged as victims of trafficking for sex trade, are entitled to the same protection and support as local women in accordance with applicable legislations. In certain circumstances, some victims may be granted work/residence permit. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:PalestinePalestineRegional groupObserverPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Consider signing and ratifying OP-ICESCR.ExplanationThe Government is currently reviewing the need for ratification and the following effects at the national level.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 8) As for the treaties that the Republic of Korea has not ratified, the government commissioned research projects have been carried out on ... the OP-ICESCR. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:MexicoMexicoRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIACSIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:AcceptedContents:Conduct national awareness campaigns to eradicate the discrimination against single mothers, in law and in practice.ExplanationThe Government accepts the recommendations ... to conduct national awareness campaigns to eradicate the discrimination against single mothers, in law and in practice. The Government wishes to note that the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family is currently carrying out support and counseling work for single mothers and their children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 43) To tackle prejudice and discrimination against single-parent families, schools at all levels provide education on single-parent families and educate relevant officials on building up expertise on the matter. Furthermore, the Single-Parent Family Support Act was amended in 2016, which sets forth the principle of non-discrimination against children from single-parent families, when caring and educating children. The Government organizes the awareness campaign on single-parent families, while supporting teen fathers and teen mothers by means of additional child support subsidies, education subsidies to prevent academic suspension, and subsidies to support their financial independence. The Government also legislated the Act on Enforcing and Supporting Child Support Payment in 2014 to enable single parents with minor children to receive child support from noncustodial parents. The Child Support Agency was established in 2015 to offer a one-stop service covering consultations, negotiations, litigation and collection, and follow-up management. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:MoldovaMoldovaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupCISOIFIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:AcceptedContents:Continue its efforts to prevent and combat domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 26) The Government introduced the Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Domestic Violence in 2011, expanded the scope of institutions obliged to receive mandatory education on the prevention of domestic violence, and exerted its effort to raise awareness of domestic violence and its elimination. Police stations at all levels have been deployed with police officers exclusively in charge of domestic violence. The Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Crimes of Domestic Violence was amended to strengthen the early response to domestic violence, granting the police with authority to enter the site of violence to investigate; allowing the victims or their legal representatives to request a protective order by the court; and imposing punishment on anyone who fails to comply with an urgent interim measures. The change of resident registration number has been allowed since May 2017, for the victims of sexual violence, domestic violence, or sex trade who either have been damaged or are at risk of damage from the leakage of resident registration number and this policy will further be complemented taking into account the needs of the victims of violence. Moreover, the Government will enact a comprehensive and general legislation for the prevention of gender-based violence.
Para 46) The Government is making efforts to prevent sexual violence and domestic violence by drawing up comprehensive measures through inter-ministerial cooperation to intensify punishment for perpetrators and to strengthen support for victims. In December 2012, the provision that stipulated sex offence as an offence that is punishable only by complaint was abolished. The sex offenders registration and notification system, which was set up to prevent recidivism, has been reformed to allow identification of sex offenders via mail notifications and smartphone applications. Consulting centres and shelters for victims of sexual violence are also being expanded, along with the expansion of free legal aid programs. Public Defender for Victims was adopted in 2012 and has been in operation since 2013 for all victims of sexual violence, providing legal support from the early stages of sexual assault response to investigations and trials.
UN Compilation:
Para 55) The Committee against Torture was concerned at the wide prevalence of violence against women, at the low number of complaints and prosecutions and at the conditional suspension of charges against perpetrators of domestic violence in exchange for education and counselling, which might amount to acquittal and failed to adequately protect the victims. It was concerned that marital rape was not included as a separate offence in the Criminal Act.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 38) JS1 stated that the 2013 plan against domestic violence considered domestic violence as a private issue of persons involved, which does not require social intervention. The focus of the plan was to maintain a normal family life. The prosecution rate of domestic violence cases remained low. It stated that domestic violence was not properly punished and victims were exposed to continued threats. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:JapanJapanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:AcceptedContents:Continue efforts to increase employment opportunities and improve the employment situation for women and to promote women's rights.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 44) In order to address the inequality of women in employment and labour market, the Equal Employment Opportunity and Work-Family Balance Assistance Act stipulates the principle of equal pay for equal work, the violation of which is subject to criminal punishment. Various policies have been put in place to enable work-family balance and prevent women’s career break, such as childcare leave, part-time job, flexible work arrangements, and the establishment of infrastructure for telecommuting and ubiquitous working. Childcare leave was expanded in 2014 to allow the parents with children under the age 8 or grade 2 to take the leave up to one year. In order to promote paternity leave, the Government introduced a Father’s Month program since 2014. If both parents take the childcare leave successively for the same child, the childcare benefit for the second parent is raised to 100% of their ordinary monthly wage up to KRW 1.5 million for the first month of childcare leave.
Para 47) … Since 2013, the enforcement regulation was amended to broaden the scope of the workplace obligated to submit implementation plans. Under the previous regulation, workplaces that fall short of the 60% threshold of the proportion of female employee in the total employee compared to the industry average were obligated to submit the implementation plans. The amended regulation raised the threshold to 70%. The Government also introduced the scheme in which the list of the employers failing to implement proactive employment improvement measures are published, and set up the specific standards. As a result, the proportion of female workforce in the concerned public agencies increased to 36.4% in 2015 and 37.3% in 2016, and the proportion of female in the management increased to 15.9% in 2015 and 16.4% in 2016.
UN Compilation:
Para 53) The HR Committee was concerned about discrimination against women and about the small proportion of women in decision-making positions, the high rate of women in irregular employment and the high wage gap between men and women.
Para 54) The Working Group on business and human rights noted that women reportedly left the labour force at a high rate when they married or had children and found it difficult to reenter the workforce after a career break. ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations welcomed the measures taken by the Government to reconcile work and family responsibilities as a means of improving women’s participation in employment and requested the Government to continue its efforts.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 9) NHRCK reported on the under-representation of women in the labour market. Women often had to take up low paid non regular jobs. Balancing work and family life remained difficult largely due to the lack of decent public day care facilities and the low use of paternity leaves. The Government has made some efforts to increase employment rates of women and younger people, but those efforts had limited effect in the last three years.
Para 72) JS2 reported on discrimination against women and on the gender wage gap. Additionally, about 53 percent of women employees were in non-regular jobs.