Displaying 51651 - 51675 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:BulgariaBulgariaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Finalize the adoption of a National plan of action on gender-based violence and human traffickingExplanationTimor-Leste supports these recommendations, which considers that they have already been implemented. Timor-Leste has already approved a National Action Plan on Gender-based Violence, which is on the second phase of its implementation.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 20) … Timor-Leste already has the following national action plans: national action plan on gender-based violence, …
Para 35) The Government of Timor-Leste has adopted many measures to combat violence against women and children. The Government of Timor-Leste through the Secretary of State for Equality and Inclusion has produced a national action plan for gender-based violence 2017-2020, with four important pillars, namely: the prevention of gender-based violence, providing services to victims, access to justice for victims, and coordination, monitoring and assessment of initiatives that have been developed. In 2020 the Government launched a Spotlight Initiative program with the aim of combatting gender-based violence such as violence against women and girls.
Para 78) The Government has launched a National Action Plan on Gender Based Violence 2017-2021 as a State commitment to resolve problems to reduce and eradicate gender-based violence that affects women, men and children in the community through coordination and the inclusive participation of all entities.
UN Compilation:
Para 9) The Committee against Torture commended Timor-Leste for its initiatives to amend its policies and procedures in order to afford greater protection of human rights and to apply the Convention against Torture, in particular the adoption of the second National Action Plan on Gender-based Violence (2017–2021);
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 64) JAI … also noted that Timor-Leste had responded to recent criticisms of de facto discrimination against women by affirming its ongoing commitment to ending gender discrimination, promulgating laws to require female representation at the local government level, and approving a new National Action Plan on Gender-based Violence aimed at preventing violence and increasing women’s access to support services and the justice system.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:Review DocumentationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:Reference AddressedContents:The PDHJ also noted that Timor-Leste was already late in presenting its reports under the ICCPR, the ICESCR. [Para 3] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:NeglectedContents:TheCEDAW recommended that Timor-Leste monitor the working conditions of women in the informal economy, particularly in agriculture, to ensure that they had access to social protection, including with regard to maternity protection. [Para 49] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:CanadaCanadaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Fully implement and adhere to the National Action Plan against Gender-Based Violence, including committing the required financial resources to provide core services for victims and strengthening legal institutions in order to ensure appropriate prosecution of cases of violence against women and girls.
ExplanationTimor-Leste has promoted the rights and welfare of women through policies and a national action plan on gender equality, has increased women’s participation in the political decision-making process, has strengthened the framework of legal measures on gender-based violence, has combatted violence against women, and girls and has strengthened measures to combat domestic violence against women and girls. … Timor-Leste supports these recommendations to engage in efforts to further improve the percentage of women within formal work arrangements, to strengthen their capacity to actively participate in supply chains and markets, to further reduce sexual violence and gender-based violence, to further combat gender-based violence and promote gender equality and pay more attention to violence against women and children including violence based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender equality
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:N/AContents:In order that women can fully exercise their rights and participate in the country development on the basis of equality with men, Timor-Leste aims at intensifying multi-sectoral strategies to strengthen women empowerment and eliminate gender based violence. [Para 121] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:Review DocumentationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:Reference AddressedContents:The Committee against Torture and the United Nations country team recommended that Timor-Leste consider ratifying the … CRPD. [Para 2]
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:AustraliaAustraliaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupPIFCommonwealthIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:AcceptedContents:Proceed to ratification of the CRPD
Implementation"National Report:
Para 8) The State of Timor-Leste is carrying out efforts to comply with its commitment to international human rights instruments as stated in its national reports and is currently preparing resources (human and financial) and is endeavoring to increase their institutional capacity to ensure that these international instruments are implemented in the future when the CRPD and its Optional Protocol is signed and ratified, as recommended by the United Nations Human Rights Council
Para 9) Based on the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (C-RDTL) Article 95.3 (f) on ratification, it is the competence of the National Parliament, to approve and denounce agreements and ratify international treaties and conventions. A concrete example relates to the ratification of the Convention on Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol as recommended by the Committee and UN Human Rights Council, whereby the National Parliament is waiting for a proposal from the Government, because the Government has a policy of creating favorable conditions and examining and considering all of the circumstances relating to human rights, including the financial impact and the contents of the conventions that are to be ratified, to see if they are going to be ratified partially or fully, depending on the policy and capacity of the Government to sign and ratify these conventions and to assume all of the consequences and responsibilities and to comply with its implementation obligations
UN Compilation:
Para 1) The United Nations country team in Timor-Leste noted that, during the first universal periodic review, Timor-Leste had indicated that it planned to ratify CRPD, but that it had not yet done so." -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:IraqIraqRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the CRPD.ExplanationTimor-Leste supports these recommendations and reaffirms its commitment to finalize the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to ratify the Convention on Indigenous Persons, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization, the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Cruel Treatment.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:SenegalSenegalRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICOIFIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Consider ratifying the CRPD.ExplanationTimor-Leste supports these recommendations and reaffirms its commitment to finalize the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to ratify the Convention on Indigenous Persons, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization, the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Cruel Treatment.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:PortugalPortugalRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the CRPD and the OP-ICESCR.ExplanationTimor-Leste supports these recommendations and reaffirms its commitment to finalize the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to ratify the Convention on Indigenous Persons, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization, the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Cruel Treatment.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:ArmeniaArmeniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupCISOIFIssue:
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
- Right to health
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Redouble efforts in ensuring the full enjoyment of the right to health, in particular by strengthening healthcare services to reduce maternal mortality; by broadening access to immunization, especially for the population living in remote rural areas; and by improving child nutrition.ExplanationTimor-Leste is committed to improving services to access health care facilities and to guaranteeing equal access to good quality health services for all citizens in the national territory.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:OmanOmanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Provide more protection for victims of domestic violence.ExplanationTimor-Leste has promoted the rights and welfare of women through policies and a national action plan on gender equality, has increased women’s participation in the political decision-making process, has strengthened the framework of legal measures on gender-based violence, has combatted violence against women, and girls and has strengthened measures to combat domestic violence against women and girls. … Timor-Leste supports these recommendations to engage in efforts to further improve the percentage of women within formal work arrangements, to strengthen their capacity to actively participate in supply chains and markets, to further reduce sexual violence and gender-based violence, to further combat gender-based violence and promote gender equality and pay more attention to violence against women and children including violence based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:IndiaIndiaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupCommonwealthIssue:
- Early marriage
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Continue with progressive policy and legislative measures for promotion and protection of the rights of children such as for the criminalization of child marriage and the development of a comprehensive juvenile justice system.ExplanationTimor-Leste has implemented a policy to strengthen protection for children and has brought child registration services closer to communities in the national territory. In addition, it has continued to combat child marriage and strengthened measures to prohibit the corporal punishment of children. … Timor-Leste supports these recommendations to continue implementing a national action plan for children, to combat all violence against children, to reduce the exploitation and discrimination of children, to prevent and eradicate early marriage, to improve malnutrition and food security for children and guarantee that children have access to nutritious foods, to strengthen measures regarding corporal punishment.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:GermanyGermanyRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Early marriage
- Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
- Forced marriage
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:AcceptedContents:Effectively implement the Law against Domestic Violence by raising awareness of this law to public officials, to local community leaders and by citizenship education; and additionally discourage cultural practices that violate women's rights, such as forced and early marriage.Implementation"National Report:
Para 50) The Timor-Leste Constitution guarantees that all people have the right to marriage which states that women and men that have free consent have the right to get married in accordance with Article 39.3, which defines 17 as the minimum age for marriage, but according to the civil code the minimum age for marriage is 16 but this requires the authorization and knowledge of parents or the party charged with responsibility. Timor-Leste recognizes that Timor-Leste has not yet defined the minimum age for marriage based on international laws. However, Timor-Leste's Strategic Development Plan (SDP) 2011-2030 has specifically included a plan to continue educating the community through the dissemination of information about the impact of early marriage that can have negative impact on a person's life and a person can lose their rights to gain access to education and it can also have a negative impact on a person's reproductive health, especially for girls" -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:BulgariaBulgariaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Consider ratifying the CRPDExplanationTimor-Leste attaches great importance to the rights of the persons with disabilities and reaffirms its commitment to finalize soon the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities and to continue to implement the obligations under the Convention, especially through the National Policy for the Inclusion and Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the National Mental Health Strategy.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 22) Timor-Leste acknowledges that it has not yet ratified the CRPD, however now it is making preparations for the ratification process. The Ministry of Social Solidarity and Inclusion (MSSI), Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (MFAC) has established a team to make preparations for ratification.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:IraqIraqRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the CRPD, pursuant to the Human Rights Council recommendationsExplanationTimor-Leste attaches great importance to the rights of the persons with disabilities and reaffirms its commitment to finalize soon the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities and to continue to implement the obligations under the Convention, especially through the National Policy for the Inclusion and Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the National Mental Health Strategy.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 22) Timor-Leste acknowledges that it has not yet ratified the CRPD, however now it is making preparations for the ratification process. The Ministry of Social Solidarity and Inclusion (MSSI), Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (MFAC) has established a team to make preparations for ratification.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:SloveniaSloveniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Adopt specific gender equality legislation in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), including by defining discrimination against women in accordance with Article 1 of CEDAW -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:AngolaAngolaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Strengthen the implementation of policies fighting domestic violenceExplanationTimor-Leste is strongly committed to combat all forms of gender-based violence. Discrimination based on sex is prohibited by law. Timor-Leste has taken and will continuously take a number of measures to prevent, combat and decrease discrimination and violence based on sex, especially against women.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 35) The Government of Timor-Leste has adopted many measures to combat violence against women and children. The Government of Timor-Leste through the Secretary of State for Equality and Inclusion has produced a national action plan for gender-based violence 2017-2020, with four important pillars, namely: the prevention of gender-based violence, providing services to victims, access to justice for victims, and coordination, monitoring and assessment of initiatives that have been developed. In 2020 the Government launched a Spotlight Initiative program with the aim of combatting gender-based violence such as violence against women and girls.
Para 77) The Government acknowledges that gender-based violence continues to occur, especially against women, however the Government continues to endeavour to reduce gender-based violence in Timor-Leste.
Para 78) The Government has launched a National Action Plan on Gender Based Violence 2017-2021 as a State commitment to resolve problems to reduce and eradicate gender-based violence that affects women, men and children in the community through coordination and the inclusive participation of all entities.
Para 79) The State has a policy of continuing to promote and protect women and girls so they can enjoy their rights and continues to reduce discrimination in public and private institutions including human trafficking, sexual exploitation, early marriage and forced marriage practices and provides equal opportunities to women to be leaders at the political level.
Para 80) The Government works with non-government organizations and has established safe and protected places for victims and survivors, offering temporary accommodation, including attending to victims and survivors of sexual abuse, domestic violence, the sexual abuse of children, or trafficking. Now there are safe rooms at the national hospital, referral hospitals and health centres in four municipalities and safe room services are provided by PRADET.
Para 81) Also shelters have been established, as part of a collaboration between the Government and civil society organisations. In 2018, there were safe shelters in all of the 13 municipalities that also guarantee the safety of victims of gender-based violence and shelters also provide training on livelihood skills with the aim of reintegrating victims into the community who have the capacity to make a living.
Para 82) To prevent sexual harassment from occurring in the workplace, the Public Service Commission has created a mechanism for reporting sexual harassment, and the Rosa CHATBOT facilitates reporting of gender-based violence in specific cases relating to sexual harassment that is committed by Public Servants in the workplace or in a public place. The Rosa CHATBOT protects the identity of those who make a complaint.
UN Compilation:
Para 9) The Committee against Torture commended Timor-Leste for its initiatives to amend its policies and procedures in order to afford greater protection of human rights and to apply the Convention against Torture, in particular the adoption of the second National Action Plan on Gender-based Violence (2017–2021);
Para 27) The Special Rapporteur noted that, in terms of access to justice and compliance with human rights standards, there were shortcomings in both the formal justice system and the customary justice system. In the customary justice system, hearings were commonly conducted in public, which was clearly unsuitable for crimes relating to emotionally vulnerable victims of domestic violence and child abuse. Some customary justice practices might entail physical punishments, in contravention of international human rights law.
Para 49) The United Nations country team also noted that gender-based violence was recognized as one of the most pervasive and widespread human rights concerns in TimorLeste, with three in five (59 per cent) ever-partnered women (aged 15–49 years) having experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence in their lifetime. Of these, 86 per cent had not sought assistance from formal agencies, services or other authorities. Women and girls with disabilities, as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex persons, were at an even higher risk of violence, often perpetrated by family members.
Para 50) The Committee against Torture expressed concern about the reluctance of Timor-Leste to criminalize marital rape and incest as distinct crimes, and expressed regret at the lack of information provided on the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and sentences imposed in cases of gender-based violence against women.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 11) PDHJ highlighted that the formal judicial process did not provide for an accessible, fast and coherent result that ensured victims of domestic violence safety and livelihood. This caused those victims to turn to traditional justice mechanisms and remedies that might not integrate a human rights perspective.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:SloveniaSloveniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Adolescent pregnancy
Type:RecommendationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Adopt concrete measures and programmes to effectively address the causes for high school dropout rates among girls such as early pregnancy, gender-based violence and the lack of adequate sanitation in schools and to ensure their implementation, including by providing the necessary fundingImplementationNational Report:
Para 35) The Government of Timor-Leste has adopted many measures to combat violence against women and children. The Government of Timor-Leste through the Secretary of State for Equality and Inclusion has produced a national action plan for gender-based violence 2017-2020, with four important pillars, namely: the prevention of gender-based violence, providing services to victims, access to justice for victims, and coordination, monitoring and assessment of initiatives that have been developed. In 2020 the Government launched a Spotlight Initiative program with the aim of combatting gender-based violence such as violence against women and girls.
Para 48) The Government acknowledges that some schools in remote areas do not yet have good hygiene. However the Government is endeavouring to make sure that all schools have toilets for girls and boys and access to water to guarantee the health and hygiene of girls and boys at school.
Para 49) The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoE) continues to disseminate information and hold seminars for schools that face the risk of violence to raise awareness about gender-based violence and provides training on reproductive health to schools at the national level and in the municipalities.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 61) JS4 noted that Timor-Leste had increased the number of children enrolled in school and the numbers indicated rough parity in the enrollment of girls and boys. However, a large number of children (60 per cent) did not continue to secondary schooling after leaving primary school. Moreover, girls often dropped out of school, due to teenage pregnancy, either because childcare support was not available, or because schools would not accept them back. Reproductive health education was formally part of the curriculum but teachers were not given training on how to deliver it.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Forced marriage
- Polygamy
Type:Review DocumentationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:NeglectedContents:The CEDAW called upon Timor-Leste to expeditiously adopt a comprehensive strategy to eliminate discriminatory stereotypes and harmful practices such as ... forced marriage and polygamy. [Para 36] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
- Sexual violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:26th session, November 2016Status:Reference AddressedContents:The Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families was concerned about reports of incidents of physical and sexual violence, intimidation and negative attitudes towards migrant workers in Timor-Leste. [Para 81] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:Review DocumentationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:N/AContents:Timor-Leste also submitted its fourth CEDAW report in 2020. [Para 27] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:United KingdomUnited KingdomRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUCommonwealthIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:AcceptedContents:Allocate sufficient resources to tackle the issue of gender-based violence, to enable the delivery of gender-based violence commitments, including responding to gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuring the provision of core services to victims.
ExplanationTimor-Leste has promoted the rights and welfare of women through policies and a national action plan on gender equality, has increased women’s participation in the political decision-making process, has strengthened the framework of legal measures on gender-based violence, has combatted violence against women, and girls and has strengthened measures to combat domestic violence against women and girls. … Timor-Leste supports these recommendations to engage in efforts to further improve the percentage of women within formal work arrangements, to strengthen their capacity to actively participate in supply chains and markets, to further reduce sexual violence and gender-based violence, to further combat gender-based violence and promote gender equality and pay more attention to violence against women and children including violence based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.
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State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Family planning
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:N/AContents:Antenatal care in Timor-Leste increased from 61% in 2003 to 86% in 2010. The number of deliveries assisted by health care professionals rose substantially, from 18% in 2003 to 30% in 2010. While the current fertility rate in Timor-Leste remains high, when compared with other countries, it has, however, fallen from 7 children per woman in 2003 to 5.7 in 2010. In general, improvements in health care, the increase in access to information about sexual and reproductive health, as well as greater access to family planning services, have brought positive results to maternal health. Timor-Leste is committed to making progress in this area until the ideal level of protection is achieved. The maternal mortality rate has been decreasing, which is partially due to the availability of caesarean operations in the five referral hospitals spread across the territory. [Para 70] -
State Under Review:Timor-LesteTimor-LesteRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual harassment
Type:Review DocumentationSession:40th Session, January 2022Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:JS4 stated that no legal protection existed against workplace sexual harassment. In principle, the civil service had a policy of zero tolerance for workplace sexual harassment, but its implementation had been poor. [Para 51]