UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 41851 - 41875 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS6 recommended ensuring that LGBTI youth are free from discrimination and bullying in schools. [Para 57]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    AI recommended enacting comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation prohibiting discrimination based on, among others, sexual orientation, gender identity, expression and sex characteristics. [Para 23]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended adopting an approach centred on victims and human rights in efforts to combat trafficking and the exploitation of prostitution with regard to women and girls. [Para 30]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The ROK signed the CRPD on March 30th 2007, and is seeking to achieve its early ratification. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ... The NHRCK recommended to proactively implement policies to change stereotypes of women ... [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-ICESCR.
    Explanation
    The Government is currently reviewing the need for ratification and the following effects at the national level.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 8) As for the treaties that the Republic of Korea has not ratified, the government commissioned research projects have been carried out on ... the OP-ICESCR.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Combat discrimination against single mothers and their children.
    Explanation
    The Government accepts the recommendations to combat discrimination against single mothers and their children ... The Government wishes to note that the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family is currently carrying out support and counseling work for single mothers and their children.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 43) To tackle prejudice and discrimination against single-parent families, schools at all levels provide education on single-parent families and educate relevant officials on building up expertise on the matter. Furthermore, the Single-Parent Family Support Act was amended in 2016, which sets forth the principle of non-discrimination against children from single-parent families, when caring and educating children. The Government organizes the awareness campaign on single-parent families, while supporting teen fathers and teen mothers by means of additional child support subsidies, education subsidies to prevent academic suspension, and subsidies to support their financial independence. The Government also legislated the Act on Enforcing and Supporting Child Support Payment in 2014 to enable single parents with minor children to receive child support from noncustodial parents. The Child Support Agency was established in 2015 to offer a one-stop service covering consultations, negotiations, litigation and collection, and follow-up management.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    United States

    United States
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Review the possibility of repealing laws that criminalize on the basis of sexual orientation within the military.
    Explanation
    Article 92(5) of the Military Criminal Act has the purpose of maintaining discipline within the military by punishing specific acts of indecent conduct; it is not a regulation for the punishment of sexual orientation itself.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 18) The crime of indecent act stipulated under Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not intend to impose criminal punishment by reason of one’s sexual orientation, but is set out to uphold military order and discipline, taking into account the nature of communal living in barracks. The Constitutional Court has also ruled several times in favour of the constitutionality of the concerned provision for this reason. Nonetheless, an amendment bill to abolish the provision has been submitted to the National Assembly and the Ministry of National Defence is considering the necessity of the amendment.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 28) AI reported that the Military Criminal Act continued to punish consensual sexual activity between people of the same sex in the military. Gay men faced considerable difficulties in fulfilling their military obligations free from violence, bullying or verbal abuse.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Establish a national adoption centre and an obligation to register right after birth.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 50) The universal birth registration requires mandatory birth reporting upon the birth of a child. The birth of a child of foreign nationals born in the Republic of Korea shall be registered in accordance with the laws of their countries even in cases where the parents are undocumented migrants. Children born to refugees can be registered as foreigners if they submit birth certificate issued by a hospital. The Act on the Registration, etc. of Family Relation was amended in May 2016 to allow a prosecutor or the head of a local government to report a child’s birth if the persons who are obligated to report fails to do and jeopardizes the child’s welfare.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 15) Noting the universal periodic review recommendation on a birth registration system, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that the birth registration system failed to ensure universal and compulsory birth registration and that foreigners whose children had been born in the country were not able to register their children through the family register, although their children might receive a birth notification document from the hospital.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 23) JS2 stated that the Government has refused to register births of children of foreign nationals. The parents might register the birth of their child through the embassies of their countries. However, refugees were often reluctant to approach the embassies to register the birth of their child.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Gender perspective in policies, programmes
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ... CEDAW recommended strengthening the capacity of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to use gender-impact assessments in formulating and implementing legislation and policy measures. [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender perspective in policies, programmes
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Specific action plans to realize gender mainstreaming need to be developed and education and publicity activities should continue to improve public awareness ... [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    COLCGS alleged that so-called "international" marriages were frequently a cover for trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation. AI with APIL KBA and JS5 also reported on the risks faced particularly by women migrant workers, including recruitment into the sex industry recommended that the role and structure of the E-6 visa should be subjected to scrutiny, and E-6 broker agencies should be monitored and regulated more rigorously. [Para 41]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt a general antidiscrimination law, which includes prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation, to ensure the protection of the rights of LGBTI persons, repeal the provision of the Military Penal Code, which prohibits and punishes same-sex consensual sexual relations in the army, increase public awareness on the need to respect gender identity and sexual orientation of every individual.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government has devoted considerable legislative efforts to prohibit discrimination through the Constitution and 90 other legislations. Meanwhile, considering the controversy over the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the enactment of the general anti-discrimination law, which provides general remedial procedure for the victims of discriminatory acts, requires considerable examination and opinion-gathering process to reach public consensus regarding the matter. Furthermore, imposing criminal punishment for discriminatory acts requires a careful review.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Remove all penalties for women who seek abortion, and for doctors and other medical personnel involved in providing these services.
    Explanation
    Noted. Whether to abolish the crime of abortion or to extend the list of circumstances where abortion is permitted is a matter of significant importance as it is associated with the right of an unborn baby to its life as well as the right of a pregnant woman to her life, body and self-determination. This will be decided by taking into account the Constitutional Court’s decision on the pending case of the constitutionality of the crime of abortion, legislative examples of other countries, and opinions of all corners of society.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    Type:
    Question
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    It wished to hear more on measures envisaged to combat discrimination, including based on sexual orientation, particularly in the field of employment.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Laos

    Laos
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to develop measures to ensure non-discrimination against women and promote gender equality.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Thailand

    Thailand
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Further take measures to combat trafficking in persons, particularly women and children, and sexual exploitation, by ensuring effective enforcement of the Criminal Act and providing victims with necessary assistance and protection throughout the process of investigation and trial.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Several United Nations independent experts raised concerns at the agreement on the issue of “comfort women” (thousands of girls and women from several Asian countries, abducted and forced into sexual slavery prior to and during the Second World War) concluded between the Republic of Korea and the neighbouring country in December 2015. The independent experts drew attention to the fact that the agreement did not meet standards of State accountability for gross human rights violations and had been reached without a proper consultation process. They considered that the agreement fell short of meeting the demands of survivors. The Committee against Torture was concerned that the agreement failed to provide redress and reparation or to ensure the right to truth and assurances of non-repetition. [Para 42]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS1 stated that … The Government should amend the legislation, which did not ensure punishment of domestic violence perpetrators, and improve the victim support system. [Para 38]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Recommended, inter alia, to review the law in order to ensure that women in prostitution are not criminalized [Para 17; CERD, CEDAW].
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To carry out public campaigns to make the provisions of the new legislation eliminating the Family Head System and establishing equal rights in the marriage more effective.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 48) With the enforcement of the revised Civil Act in January 2008 which abolished the Family Head System, there have been significant changes in the individual's identity registration system. The Government distributed informational materials on the revised Civil Act and the country's changed identity registration system. Progress made on the implementation of the new system and remaining challenges were reviewed at various occasions in which relevant ministres and women's rights advocacy groups participated together. Provisions of other laws have been revised as required by the abolition of the Family Head System.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Noting that sexual crime is categorized as an offence that is subjected to investigation only upon complaint from the victim, it was recommended that this legal provisions be reviewed, along with other relevant provisions, in order to enhance protection of victims.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 50) Domestic violence is prosecuted in accordance with the Criminal Act and the Special Act on Punishment of Crimes of Domestic Violence and Others, the latter of which stipulates imposing protective disposition on perpetrators of domestic violence for the purpose of change of environment and correction of behavior. The amendments of the Special Act in October 2011 grant emergency intervention authority to judicial public officers in order to ensure speedy protection of victims and allow victims to directly request protection to the court. Starting January 2012, sexual crimes, including rape, against family members are accommodated in the scope of domestic violence, making their victims eligible for the protective services provided to victims of domestic violence, which include counseling sessions, housing at shelters, assistance for medical care, and education for independence and rehabilitation. The amended Act on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims and Others effective from May 2012 gives police officers, when dispatched to the scene of domestic violence, the authority to enter and investigate the crime scene to protect victims. It enables effective early response by police officers against domestic violence. In addition, the Government stepped up its efforts to raise awareness of the fact that domestic violence is a crime that is punishable by law, not a private matter.

    Para 75) Under the current criminal justice system, most sexual crimes, including any sexual crimes against children, juveniles under the age of 19, and persons with disabilities, are subject to investigation and prosecution. Only certain types of sexual crimes against adults, including rape and indecent assault, that do not accompany any physical injury, require complaints filed by the victims to be criminally investigated. Careful consideration of the protection of the victims' privacy shall be given to whether or not the requirement of filing complaints for sexual crimes against adults in order to be subject to criminal justice proceedings should be abolished.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Peru

    Peru
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To ratify the Palermo Protocol.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 76) ... It is currently seeking to amend the relevant legislations on the premise that it will ratify the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking annexed to the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ...
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt a generic law that addresses all cases of discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, race or nationality, in all areas (labour, education, access to public services, etc.).
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act, which criminalizes consensual sexual relations between people of the same sex.
    Explanation
    Noted. Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not uniformly penalize same-sex sexual relations, and is applied only in cases of direct and specific violation of military discipline and healthy community life.

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