UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 42126 - 42150 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt appropriate measures to counter discrimination of LGBT people and to develop policies in order to integrate existing legislation against discrimination at various societal levels in Romania.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 68) Romania’s legal framework ensures the respect of human rights for all persons, without discrimination of any form, as provided by the Romanian Constitution that also mentions the respect and protection of private life. The antidiscrimination law in Romania (Ordinance no. 137/ 31 August 2000, Art. 2.1) is among the most extensive and inclusive, defining discrimination in a very large sense, including discrimination based on sex and sexual orientation. Since 2000 the law includes provisions on combating incitement to hatred and fighting all discrimination forms. Civil society organizations promoting the respect of the rights of LGBTI persons are active in Romania for watchdog, support and rights promotion activities for the LGBTI community in Romania/Bucharest especially. Yearly, Bucharest hosts the annual festival dedicated to support the rights of the LGBTI persons – Pride Week, including a March for Diversity – Pride parade.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 11) CRC was concerned that …, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex children … continued to face discrimination with regard to access to education, health care and employment, and to their standard of living.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 7) Save the Children Romania (SCR) stated that Roma children, children … who had identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons continued to be discriminated in sectors such as education or health care.
    Para 8) Equality and Human Rights Action Centre (ACTEDO) noted that Roma and LGBT+ persons had reportedly been target of hate speech.
    Para 13) EU-FRA stated that the 2011 Civil Code prohibited same-sex partnership and marriage and prohibited the recognition of such partnership and marriages concluded in other countries. Despite this, ACCEP and ACTEDO reported on an initiative to hold a referendum in order to amend the Constitution to specify the legal definition of family as a marriage between a man and women. ACTEDO noted a high level of intolerance displayed towards LGBT+ persons by many public figures during the referendum campaign.
    Para 14) ACCEPT stated that gender identity was not explicitly included in the list of criteria of non-discrimination and that the rights of transgender people remained largely ignored by the authorities. There were no official medical protocols and training for professionals on providing healthcare services for transgender persons and very few psychologists and medical professionals were available to provide such services. Medical interventions were not covered by the public healthcare insurance. The legislation on name change obliged transgender persons to go through court procedures. In the absence of clear regulations and laws, the courts issued contradictory interpretation of the law on aspects of gender affirming surgery.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Estonia

    Estonia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Undertake educational and awareness-raising campaigns aimed at eliminating harmful gender stereotypes.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CRC was concerned about the high number of sexually exploited children and the increased number of children trafficked from Romania to other States. It was also concerned that trafficked girl-victims of sexual exploitation were sometimes seen as criminals. CRC recommended that Romania consider such children, including those subjected to prostitution, as victims in need of recovery and reintegration and not as offenders. It also recommended that Romania provide such children with special protective measures to prevent victimization and re-victimization. [Para 23]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Employ structural measures to ensure equal access to state-supported sexual and reproductive health care, especially for women and girls from rural and/or marginalized communities.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The Romanian authorities at the level of Police units took measures to prevent and counter the antisocial acts against the members of the LGBT community, being interested in training its staff in the field of modern methods used at European level in countering discrimination based on sexual orientation, in order to contribute to a viable partnership between police and sexual minorities. [Para 51]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Increase the representation of women at all levels of government, particularly in managerial positions.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Redouble efforts to enforce legislation aiming to prevent and combat domestic and gender-based violence, promote general awareness of persistent gender stereotypes, and guarantee that victims have adequate access to protective measures and sheltering services.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    DPR Korea

    DPR Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure effective implementation of the law on preventing and combating domestic violence, including sexual violence and harassment, in particular for women in vulnerable situations.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To adopt and effectively implement measures to prevent and eliminate domestic violence against women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 108) Regarding the prevention and elimination of domestic violence against women (recommendation 13), Law no. 217/2003 on preventing and combating domestic violence has been recently substantially amended by Law no. 25/2012. One of the most important improvements of the law is the introduction of the restriction order, which is a measure of protection for the victim of domestic violence that can be issued by the court. Another specific measure of protection provided by the new law aims to improve the efficiency of authorities to support and advise victims in order to resort to legal means for sanctioning domestic violence cases.

    Para 109) Besides the legal improvements, a number of programs with national coverage were dedicated to this field of activity, based on a financing offered from the state budged by the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.

    Para 110) Also, in December 2009, a group of 12 EU Member States among which Romania, presented a proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the European protection order. The proposal was adopted in 2011 (Directive 2011/99/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the European protection order).

    Para 111) During the year 2010, at national level 36 informal campaigns were conducted, 19 domestic violence prevention projects and also about 37.000 persons received preventive information. In conducting the activities, external partners have been involved as well.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended that clear benchmarks and timetables be set and that the implementation of the measures targeting rural women in the National Strategy for Equal Opportunities between women and men for the period 2006-2009 be effectively monitored. [Para 26]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Contraception
    • Abortion
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The HR Committee recommended intensifying efforts to prevent the high number of early pregnancies and unsafe abortions, including through effective mandatory age-appropriate educational programmes in schools on sexual and reproductive health. The Working Group on discrimination against women and girls recommended ensuring full access to reproductive health services, including contraceptive information and services, for all women and girls, including adolescents. [Para 48]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Family planning
    • Contraception
    • Abortion
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS2 and JS4 recommended the adoption of a national strategy on sexual and reproductive health and its operational plan. JS4 recommended that the operational plan focuses on preventing teenage pregnancies and sexual education in schools. JS4 recommended securing access of adolescents to youth-friendly family planning services. JS2 recommended increasing access to free contraceptives for adolescents and vulnerable women and ensuring that conscientious objection is not used to refuse access to legal abortion. [Para 42]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CoE-ECRI recommended a legal framework that affords same-sex couples the possibility to have their relationship recognised and protected. [Para 95]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    According to Human Rights Watch (HRW) patients living with HIV face discrimination in access to necessary medical services and doctors often refuse treatment to patients living with HIV. Breaches of confidentiality about individuals HIV status are common and rarely punished. HRW added that Romanian law provides for mandatory medical testing for a wide variety of jobs where the risk of HIV transmission is minimal, including hair dressers, beauticians, manicurists, child care staff, medical personnel, food services, and cleaning staff in the tourist industry. Employers and doctors also order ad hoc HIV testing for jobs where testing is not mandatory. HRW recommended that Romania end mandatory HIV testing as a condition of employment and ensure that persons living with HIV are not unnecessarily prevented from working or attending vocational school. HRW noted that in the few instances where the National Council for Combating Discrimination has intervened in cases involving people living with HIV, its interventions were limited to mediation in cases of children expelled from schools, or the imposition of nominal fines which are paid to the government and not to the victim [Para 11].
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Decriminalize prostitution [Para 40; SR on the sale of children].
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Introduce education for sexual and reproductive health in the core curriculum for secondary education, including by setting out a concrete timeline of implementation of such a measure.
    Explanation
    Noted. topics pertaining to sexual education are taught within the mandatory school curricula (biology, civic education, counselling) or the corresponding optional school subjects provided at national, regional and local levels or included in the educational offer of schools. Such topics are also approached in extracurricular activities.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accelerate the adoption and budgeting of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy 2018-2020 and the National Strategy on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights.
    Explanation
    The National Health Strategy 2014-2020 has a distinct chapter on HIV/AIDS which focuses on policies and legislation, management and intervention, prevention, monitoring, treatment, nutrition, minimizing the occupational biological risks. The National HIV Programme has been implemented nationwide since 2001.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Canada

    Canada
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Develop and implement programmes to counter discrimination against LGBTI persons, including public awareness campaigns and specialized training for law enforcement officials.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Egypt

    Egypt
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Inappropriate content
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue strengthening the national measures aimed at providing protection to the family as the natural and basic unit for the society.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CEDAW was concerned by stereotypical and sometimes degrading images of women, especially of Roma women, in the media and by the recent resurgence of stereotypical discourse by political figures and religious non-State actors in relation to women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. [Para 10]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ACTEDO stated that adequate specialised services to victims of physical or sexual violence were underdeveloped and that they were denied access to shelters, which were guaranteed only to victims of domestic violence. [Para 18]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Cyprus

    Cyprus
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-CRC-IC.
    Explanation
    Noted. ... the Government could not prejudge on the position the legislator will take in the process of ratification. … On the merits, the Romanian party is still in the process of evaluating the changes the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights would imply, from the domestic remedies perspectives and given the complex character of the obligations entailed by the Convention and Covenant respectively.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Transgender persons' rights
    • Violence on the basis of sexual orientation
    • Violence on the basis of gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Strengthen legal and policy measures to protect LGBTQIA+ persons from all forms of violence and discrimination, including by ensuring the right of transgender persons to the legal recognition of their identities.
    Explanation
    Noted. ... with the explanation that there is a need to examine in detail the domestic legal framework in relation to the complaints filed by the applicants. In addition, there is a need to thoroughly examine the legal avenues to execute the judgement of the European Court of Human Rights.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement measures to eliminate discrimination against minority groups, in particular the Roma and children in vulnerable situations, including children with ... HIV/AIDS ... guarantee their access to education, housing, medical care and health services.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 69) In Romania, the persons having HIV or AIDS are legally perceived as persons with disabilities. Thus, they benefit from all protective measures specifically aimed at this mentioned group. HIV-positive pregnant women are monitored in nine Regional HIV Infection Surveillance Centers where, after HIV infection has been confirmed, any person, regardless of age, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, is recorded, clinically and biologically monitored and provided specific antiretroviral therapy immediately after diagnosis. The management of HIV-positive child and adolescent patients complies with the 2013-2014 Guidelines for ARV Therapy, containing a separate chapter for this age group. Between May 2014 and August 2016, ‘Prof. Dr. Matei Balș’ National Institute of Infectious Diseases from Bucharest, as Project Promoter, under the coordination of the Ministry of Health as Program Operator, implemented the project ‘Improving HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B and C Prevention and Control in Romania”, as part of the 2009-2014 Norwegian Financial Mechanism.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 31) JS3 stated that health care units refused to treat women living with HIV for obstetrics and gynaecological needs, leading to cases when patients did not receive adequate medical treatment, resorted to self-medication or unsafe abortion, were subject to discrimination and did not declare their HIV status when accessing healthcare services. Cases of discrimination against persons living with HIV in healthcare services remained unpunished and undocumented.

  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Russian Federation

    Russian Federation
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take measures to identify and suppress the activities of criminal groups using children in illegal business, including prostitution and pornography.
    Explanation
    The Prosecutor's Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice investigated, during 2018-2022, 149 cases on criminal activities of groups specialised in trafficking of vulnerable persons; 1885 accused were indicted, 1392 victims were identified, of which 631 minors.

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