Displaying 41876 - 41900 of 58126 recommendations found
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:NicaraguaNicaraguaRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIACSIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:AcceptedContents:Continue efforts to promote equality between women and men, by encouraging a balanced representation in decision-making positions, equality in the labour market and in entrepreneurship, including equal pay, among other aspects. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:NeglectedContents:… APPM noted… Marriage migrants of whom many were women found themselves suffering
from domestic violence, racial and gender discrimination. [Para 81] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Reference AddressedContents:The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination noted that migrant women who were subject to domestic and/or sexual violence often did not report such crimes due to fear of losing their legal resident status. [Para 55] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:CzechiaCzechiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
Type:RecommendationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:Unclear ResponseContents:That discrimination on basis of sexual orientation also be included in the draft antidiscrimination bill.ExplanationIt is interpreted that discrimination is prohibited by the Constitution, human rights treaties and relevant domestic laws. The National Human Rights Commissions conducts its activities against discriminatory practices.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 45) The Government has continued its research and review on a general act on anti- discrimination, encompassing grounds for discrimination such as gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. While studying relevant domestic legislations, international human rights norms, and legislations of other countries, the Government has sought to address social and economic issues that can be entailed in the enactment of a general anti- discrimination act and to strike a balance between the right to equality and the principle of private autonomy. In 2010, the Government organized a special sub-committee consisting of government officials from relevant ministries, academics, legal experts and interest groups for in-depth discussions in this regard. In 2011, two draft bills for anti- discrimination proposed by lawmakers were submitted to the National Assembly, but they expired with the conclusion of the 18th National Assembly session in May 2012.
UN Compilation:
Para 8) CEDAW regretted the slow progress in the adoption of the Anti- Discrimination Bill which had been on hold since May 200834 with CESCR and CRC regretting that the legislative definition of discrimination does not contain an express prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and nationality. The Government in its replies to CERD in 2008 indicated that it was redoubling its efforts to introduce the Anti- Discrimination Act. CEDAW called for urgent steps to be taken towards the adoption of a comprehensive Anti-Discrimination Act, in line with the Convention and article 2 (4) of the NHRC Act. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:MongoliaMongoliaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Ratify the OP-ICESCR.
ExplanationNoted. The Government is continuously reviewing the recommendations.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:BelgiumBelgiumRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Gender equality
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:AcceptedContents:As recommended by CEDAW, that a definition on discrimination against women in compliance with Article 1 of CEDAW be adopted and that the fight against trafficking in foreign women be intensified.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 45) The Government has continued its research and review on a general act on anti- discrimination, encompassing grounds for discrimination such as gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. While studying relevant domestic legislations, international human rights norms, and legislations of other countries, the Government has sought to address social and economic issues that can be entailed in the enactment of a general anti- discrimination act and to strike a balance between the right to equality and the principle of private autonomy. In 2010, the Government organized a special sub-committee consisting of government officials from relevant ministries, academics, legal experts and interest groups for in-depth discussions in this regard. In 2011, two draft bills for anti- discrimination proposed by lawmakers were submitted to the National Assembly, but they expired with the conclusion of the 18th National Assembly session in May 2012.
Para 52) The Government submitted to the National Assembly in November 2011 the amendments to the Criminal Act. The proposed amendments prohibit acts stipulated in the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking annexed to the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime with relevant penal provisions. Having expired as the 18th National Assembly session closed in May 2012, the bill will be re-submitted to the 19th National Assembly. The Government plans to take domestic procedures required to ratify the Protocol after the proposed amendments are passed.
Para 53) In order to prevent inter-country marriage suspected of human trafficking, the Government amended the Act on Management of Marriage Brokerage Agency in 2010. The amendment requires international marriage brokerage agencies to provide personal information of service users to each other in writing and to offer translation and interpretation services to facilitate communication between the would-be couple. In February 2012, the Act was amended again to add provisions prohibiting certain acts of the brokers that may lead to trafficking with a penalty for non-compliance. In addition, local governments in charge of the registration of international marriage brokerage agencies regularly monitor practices of the agencies in cooperation with relevant authorities.
Para 54) As an effort to deter the international sex trade, Korean nationals convicted of sex trade abroad may now be denied of issuing or renewing passports, upon the notification by Office of Prosecution to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Para 55) Foreign women, who are acknowledged as victims of trafficking for sex trade, are entitled to the same protection and support as local women in accordance with applicable legislations. In certain circumstances, some victims may be granted work/residence permit. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:United StatesUnited StatesRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Partially AcceptedContents:Pass anti-discrimination legislation protecting members of marginalized communities, including LGBTQI+ persons, and provide legal recognition of same-sex marriage.
ExplanationFormer part: The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time. … Latter part: The Government does not plan to take immediate action since changes in the family institution, such as allowing same-sex marriage or adoption by same-sex couples, hold legal and social significance.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:PeruPeruRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Consider adopting a general law to combat human trafficking with a focus on the protection of victims in order to more effectively address complaints of sexual exploitation of women, including sex workers and migrants in an irregular situation.
ExplanationSee paragraph 11 of the Working Group Report. The Government strives to protect the human rights of victims of human trafficking. Regarding the former part of 139.91, if a foreigner is in the process of a court trial, an investigation by an investigative agency, or a remedy process in relation to domestic violence, sexual violence, child abuse, human trafficking, or exploitation, the person’s period of stay may be extended until the completion of such proceedings. Even after the extended period expires, a further extension is possible if deemed necessary to recover damage, etc.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:SyriaSyriaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Sexual violence
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Take effective measures to combat sexual violence and harassment targeting women and girls.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:BulgariaBulgariaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Gender equality
- Empowerment of women
Type:RecommendationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure equal opportunities for women’s empowerment in increasing access to leadership positions in the public sphere and in private businesses, including in the areas of science and technology, research and innovation.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:CESCR recommended addressing the root causes of women’s career interruptions and their overrepresentation in part-time employment, due to care responsibilities. CRC recommended facilitating access to and use of paternal leave. [Para 39]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS6, JS8, AI and HRW recommended repealing Article 92(6) of the Act, which prohibited and punished consensual same-sex sexual conduct in the military. HRW recommended dropping all cases against soldiers charged for consensual same-sex activity. [Para 86]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:Review DocumentationSession:42nd Session, January 2023Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS2 recommended reducing gender inequality, including by increasing women’s participation in the judiciary and law enforcement, political and public life, and in the private sector, ending the gender pay gap and increasing equity in caregiving. [Para 65]
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:CanadaCanadaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Marital rape
- Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
- Domestic violence
- Sexual violence
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:AcceptedContents:That marital rape, child abuse and domestic violence be criminalized, perpetrators are prosecuted and sanctioned, human rights training be provided for officials dealing with instances of domestic violence and child abuse, and that child-sensitive procedures be adopted during criminal proceedings involving children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 49) The victim of rape is defined as a "woman" in the Criminal Act without further specification, which means that anyone who rapes his wife can be prosecuted under the Criminal Act. In effect, the Busan District Court in January 2009 and the Seoul High Court in September 2011 recognized in their rulings aggravated rape charges against husbands, and the rulings have been upheld.
Para 50) Domestic violence is prosecuted in accordance with the Criminal Act and the Special Act on Punishment of Crimes of Domestic Violence and Others, the latter of which stipulates imposing protective disposition on perpetrators of domestic violence for the purpose of change of environment and correction of behavior. The amendments of the Special Act in October 2011 grant emergency intervention authority to judicial public officers in order to ensure speedy protection of victims and allow victims to directly request protection to the court. Starting January 2012, sexual crimes, including rape, against family members are accommodated in the scope of domestic violence, making their victims eligible for the protective services provided to victims of domestic violence, which include counseling sessions, housing at shelters, assistance for medical care, and education for independence and rehabilitation. The amended Act on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims and Others effective from May 2012 gives police officers, when dispatched to the scene of domestic violence, the authority to enter and investigate the crime scene to protect victims. It enables effective early response by police officers against domestic violence. In addition, the Government stepped up its efforts to raise awareness of the fact that domestic violence is a crime that is punishable by law, not a private matter.
Para 57) As a part of the Government's efforts to integrate the perspective of children in criminal procedures, the Office of Prosecution developed a Plan for Improvement of Investigation Practices into Crimes against Children. The plan aims to ensure reliability of statements made by child victims, prevent the "secondary victimization" of child victims in the criminal process, and reflect child victims' statements and perspectives as much as possible. Prosecutors dedicated to child crimes oversee the entire process from preliminary investigation to the execution of sentence and professional advice from child psychiatrists or clinical psychologists is sought. Starting from 2011, it has become mandatory to seek professional opinions on statements of victims in the case of sexual crimes against children aged less than 13. To the end, professionals trained by the Government have been staffed at nationwide comprehensive support centers for victims of sexual crimes.
Para 58) The Act on the Protection of Children and Juveniles from Sexual Abuse was amended in September 2011 as described in Paragraph 16 of this report, and six training sessions from March to June 2012 were offered to attorneys designated as legal aides for children. The sessions aim to enhance their understanding of children in general, children with disabilities, and sufferings caused by sexual abuse.
Para 59) As of June 2012, the Government is working on amending the Special Act on Punishment of Sexual Crimes and Others to provide victims of sexual crimes who are children or have disabilities with assistance from professional aides for making their statements in criminal proceedings. The professional aides refer to those who understand psychological and linguistic characteristics associated with children and the disabled. They participate in investigations or legal proceedings from an impartial standpoint to facilitate or assist communication and to ensure the full representation of the victims' statements without distortion. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:N/AContents:In accordance with the recommendations of CEDAW and CERD, a draft Anti-Discrimination Act that prohibits and prevents ungrounded discrimination in all areas of living and provides remedies for damage incurred by unreasonable discrimination was submitted for deliberation before the National Assembly in December 2007 ... [Para 33] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:2nd session, May 2008Status:Reference AddressedContents:... Recommended amending applicable laws to guarantee foreign women access to legal procedures regardless of legality of their entry into Korea ... [Para 39] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Outcome ReportIssue:
- Sexuality education
- Contraception
- Abortion
- Intersex persons' rights
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:CommentSession:28th Session November 2017Status:N/AContents:Human Rights Watch noted that the outcome of the universal periodic review of the Republic of Korea reflected recommendations to protect ... the rights of vulnerable workers, women, foreigners, children, older persons and persons with disabilities. It urged the Government to implement the supported recommendations. It noted with concern that the Government noted 97 recommendations, which included recommendations to ... decriminalise ... abortion, protect the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons and to repeal article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Code. Human Rights Watch was concerned that a plan on gender equality and national standards on sex education did not include sexual minorities or instruction on methods of contraception. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:CzechiaCzechiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Adopt the Anti-discrimination Act as a matter of priority while encompassing also grounds for discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.ExplanationThe Government will consider the inclusion of sexual orientation in the research and review process for the enactment of the Anti-discrimination Act.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 15) The Constitution, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea Act, and 90 other legislations prohibit discrimination in a number of sectors based on various grounds, including sexual orientation and gender identity. Since 2006, the Government collected various opinions and continued with its research for the sake of legislative integrity in an effort to enact general anti-discrimination laws. Nevertheless, legislative procedure did not proceed, as a number of legislative bills proposed by the Government and lawmakers did not make it to the discussion at the National Assembly and were discarded upon expiration of the term. In 2013, the Government presented the enactment of anti-discrimination act as one of the policy tasks, organizing a working group to undertake the enactment of the law and conducting research on foreign legislations and precedents. Nonetheless, legislative process has been stagnant because of social controversy related to prohibited grounds of discrimination such as sexual orientation. The Government will carry on research and review a number of issues pertaining to the general anti-discrimination law and listen to public opinion.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 27) JS1 and JS5 stated that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons were subject to discrimination and stigmatization in public and private spheres. JS5 reported on incidents of hate crimes against them. LGBTI adolescents remained a vulnerable group, at the risk of being exposed to hate speech and bullying and of terminating their studies. JS5 concluded that the authorities failed to provide equal protection to LGBTI persons.
Para 29) AI reported that civil society LGBTI groups continued to face discrimination, including at the hands of authorities. In 2015, the Beyond the Rainbow Foundation was refused registration, and the Seoul Metropolitan Police refused to grant a permit to the Pride Parade. The ban was only overturned when the organizers filed a petition to the court. JS1and JS5 made similar observations.
Para 30) Kaleidoscope Australia Human Rights Foundation (Kaleidoscope) stated that the Republic of Korea did not recognise marriage between same-sex couples. The legislation did not specifically state that marriage was between a man and a woman, but all rights and duties in the legislation described marriage as between a husband and wife. JS5 made similar observations.
Para 31) Kaleidoscope stated that LGBTI persons faced discrimination in the context of adoption as they were effectively prohibited from adopting children under the age of 15. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:MexicoMexicoRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIACSIssue:
- Birth registration
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Revise the national legislation with a view to guarantee that all persons are registered at birth, independently of their migrant condition or the nationality of their parents.ExplanationAccording to the Act on the Registration, Etc. of Family Relationship, when the father or the mother cannot register the birth of a child, relatives living with the child or the doctor or midwife involved in his/her delivery is required to do so, and a fine is imposed when the registration is delayed; as such, the government is making efforts to guarantee accurate birth registration. The birth registration of foreign children born in the Republic of Korea can be made through their respective countries' embassies in the Republic of Korea. In cases where the parents of children born in the Republic of Korea cannot make registrations to their country due to reasons such as refugee recognition, permission for stay including alien registration is granted to the children if the biological relationship with their parents can be confirmed by birth certificates issued by the hospital and other institutions.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 50) The universal birth registration requires mandatory birth reporting upon the birth of a child. The birth of a child of foreign nationals born in the Republic of Korea shall be registered in accordance with the laws of their countries even in cases where the parents are undocumented migrants. Children born to refugees can be registered as foreigners if they submit birth certificate issued by a hospital. The Act on the Registration, etc. of Family Relation was amended in May 2016 to allow a prosecutor or the head of a local government to report a child’s birth if the persons who are obligated to report fails to do and jeopardizes the child’s welfare.
UN Compilation:
Para 15) Noting the universal periodic review recommendation on a birth registration system, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that the birth registration system failed to ensure universal and compulsory birth registration and that foreigners whose children had been born in the country were not able to register their children through the family register, although their children might receive a birth notification document from the hospital.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 23) JS2 stated that the Government has refused to register births of children of foreign nationals. The parents might register the birth of their child through the embassies of their countries. However, refugees were often reluctant to approach the embassies to register the birth of their child. -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:MalaysiaMalaysiaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANOICCommonwealthIssue:
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:AcceptedContents:Step up its efforts to address the issue of trafficking of women and children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 55) The Government amended the Criminal Act to newly stipulate the crime of human trafficking in order to ratify the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The amended Criminal Act expanded the purpose of kidnapping and abduction, along with the previously stipulated purpose of “engaging in an indecent act, sexual intercourse or marriage, or for gain” and “transportation of a person out of the Republic of Korea”, to include the purpose of “labour exploitation, sex trafficking, or the acquisition of organs”. The consequentially aggravated crimes of human trafficking were also more specified into bodily injury and murder and death, in line with the principle of liability. A person who recruits, transfers, or delivers another with the intent to commit human trafficking has become principal rather than accessory under the amended Criminal Act, as such acts are defined as distinct acts of crimes. The provision of universal jurisdiction has been introduced so as to punish foreign nationals in the territory of the Republic of Korea, who have committed the same crime outside the Republic of Korea. The Government presented the bill for the consent of the ratification of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons, which passed National Assembly in 2015 and the instrument of ratification was deposited with the United Nations. The Protocol took effect in Korea on 5 December 2015.
UN Compilation:
Para 57) The HR Committee noted with concern that, while the Republic of Korea was a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking, traffickers were rarely prosecuted and convicted. It was concerned ...that women entering the country on E-6 (culture and entertainment) visas were frequently trapped into prostitution, ... .
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 56) AI stated that the definition of human trafficking was not consistent with international law. JS2 reported that law enforcement officers often failed to identify victims of human trafficking and trafficking victims who were trafficked for labour and sexual exploitation could not receive a proper protection.
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State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender perspective in policies, programmes
Type:Review DocumentationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:N/AContents:The Gender Impact Assessment and Analysis Act was enacted in September 2011 and brought into effect in March 2012. Previously, central administrative bodies and local governments conducted gender impact assessment and analysis on a voluntary basis for a limited range of government projects in accordance with the Fundamental Act on Development of Women. The Gender Impact Assessment and Analysis Act stipulates that gender impact assessment and analysis shall be applied to all legislations as well as major plans and projects. Then, the results of assessment and analysis must be incorporated into policy and budget planning. With regard to sectors especially vulnerable to gender equality which affect daily lives of people, a special gender impact assessment and analysis is to be done with a view to facilitating policy improvements. [Para 23] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Marital rape
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Sexual violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Reference AddressedContents:... CEDAW reiterated its regret that marital rape is not criminalized in legislation but only in case law. [Para 18] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Reference AddressedContents:Domestic violence or sexual assaults tend to be considered personal affairs and are not openly discussed. There is a need to ... hire more female investigators ... [Para 17] -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:SloveniaSloveniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:QuestionSession:14th session, November 2012Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:How does the government plan to eliminate stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society? -
State Under Review:Republic of KoreaRepublic of KoreaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupSource Of Reference:TogoTogoRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICOIFIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:28th Session November 2017Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Accelerate the process of ratification of the Optional Protocol to the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (OP-ICCPR).ExplanationNoted. Taking into account a number of factors, such as the discrepancy between the treaties concerned and domestic law, the need for enactment or amendment of relevant laws and impact of ratification, the ROK will continue to consider the ratification of the international treaties to which it has not acceded.