UPR Sexual Rights Database

National Report:
Para 20) Family Cohesion and Empowerment of Women Strategy 2011-2016: This strategy is one of the 14 component sectoral strategies of the National Development Strategy and comes under the umbrella of social development. Responsibility for the launch and follow-up to this strategy has been assigned to the Supreme Council for Family Affairs, in coordination with founding partners. The three main themes of the strategy [include] ... the empowerment of women.

Para 32) As part of outreach activities to protect women and children, the Qatar Foundation for the Protection of Women and Children has continued to combat discrimination against women by promoting a culture of women's rights and equality of opportunity. It has done so through a number of programmes, including by: Preparing, publishing and distributing brochures and leaflets on the promotion of a culture that protects women's rights ...

Para 49) ... The Qatar National Vision 2030 reaffirms the need to strengthen women's capacities and to empower them to participate in political and economic life and, in particular, in decision-making. The specific goals of the national population policy include the empowerment of women and the promotion of gender equity and justice and the executive plan includes specific executive programmes for the achievement of those goals.

Para 50) ... The Council has played a key role in developing legislation relating to women including, for example, by contributing to the drafting of the Family Code, setting the minimum age for marriage, establishing the premarital medical examination policy, establishing the age to which mothers have custody of children as 13 years for boys and 15 years for girls, contributing to the drafting of the Housing Act and establishing the right of women to access the housing system. In addition, the Council has adopted a human rights perspective in dealing with issues relating to women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly. It has contributed to spreading awareness of women's rights and issues through the implementation of numerous training courses, workshops, discussion panels and seminars and has contributed to strengthening scientific research on women's issues through conducting and publishing studies and research.

Para 51) ... Since the first round of Municipal Council elections in 1999 and up to the 2011 elections, Qatari women have participated vigorously as voters and as candidates. Recently, it has been noted that a number of women have joined the boards of publicly traded companies, in some cases as chairpersons. In a similar vein, women are participating more actively in the elections of the board of the Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry; the list of candidates includes four women entrepreneurs, for the first time in its history.

Para 55) Moreover, the Ministry of the Interior established the Committee for Women's Affairs by Ministerial decision No. 31 of 2010. The Committee is responsible for monitoring the situation of women in the Ministry and for the implementation of related public policies, for studying issues affecting women, for coordination with various governmental and non-governmental bodies with a view to achieving the objectives of the Qatar National Vision 2030, representing the Ministry at events and conferences, participating in the preparation of the Ministry's strategy for women and giving impetus to dialogue and communication with the agencies responsible for women's issues.

Stakeholder Summary:
Para 9) NHRC warned that women's participation in the decision-making process is still limited, in particular with regards to their participation in the Parliament. There are currently no female representatives in The Shura Council (the legislative branch) as the current law only authorizes nomination of males.

National Report:
Para 59: Qatar Foundation for the Protection of Women and Children has conducted a number of skills training courses for security sector personnel (officers and investigators) of various ranks on dealing with cases of abuse and violence against children or women.

Para 82) Qatar has adopted a number of procedures with a view to protecting female domestic workers in particular, including:
- Establishment of a working group from the Ministry of Labour and Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of the Interior responsible for the ongoing coordination of foreign and domestic workers' affairs and exploration of how best to protect their rights;
- Verification of domestic workers' employment contracts by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs in order to guarantee the rights set forth therein. The Ministry monitors the activities of employment offices importing domestic labour from abroad and conducts periodic unannounced visits in order to verify that they are not being exploited and that their rights are safeguarded. These visits have resulted in the closure of a number of offices for violations.

National Report:
Para 21) … Qatar population policy 2017–2021: This policy seeks to control the population growth rate, to reduce any demographic imbalance and to mitigate the possible effects of such an imbalance. One focus of the population policy is on women and children, the main objective being to support the involvement of women in society and to create conditions conducive to increasing their participation in the workforce, while maintaining family cohesion and ensuring a healthy environment for children.
Para 22) The State has proceeded with its policy to support and empower women through the Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022, part of the Qatar National Vision 2030. Chapter III of the Strategy envisages the Social Protection Strategy 2018–2022, which aims to achieve the following results: • The establishment of an integrated, effective and sustainable system of social protection; • Strong, cohesive and empowered Qatari families; • Increasing the scope and impact of social capital.
Para 23) Qatar has constantly monitored the progress of its family cohesion strategy 2011– 2016. Between 2011 and 2015, there was a decline in the percentage of unmarried women between the ages of 35 and 39, while statistics show that the divorce rate among Qataris decreased, from 19 cases per thousand in 2008 to 16 per thousand in 2015. Similarly, there was a decline in the number of cases of domestic violence in 2015 with respect to the preceding year, after the phenomenon had taken an upward trend in the years since 2008.
Para 24) National legislation that has been enacted in recent years reflects the concern of the State authorities to promote the rights of women, to eliminate discrimination between women and men, and to establish rules governing gender equality in a number of different fields. Laws use generic wording when stipulating rights or determining obligations, so that no distinction is made between men and women.
Para 25) Legislation regulating the labour market in Qatar follows the model of the Constitution in avoiding all discrimination between men and women. Laws do not envisage any negative discrimination against women and make no distinction between men and women in terms of salary or employment privileges. In fact, provision is made for positive discrimination such as in Act No. 15 of 2016 promulgating the Civil Service Human Resources Act and its implementing regulations, issued by Council of Ministers Decree No. 32 of 2016. It regulates public service in the country and includes a number of forms of positive discrimination whereby women have the right to: • The allowances and benefits of a married functionary, while her spouse will receive the allowances and benefits of an unmarried functionary, if her benefits are greater than his; • Paid leave if she has a child with a disability or a child suffering from a condition necessitating accompaniment by the mother; • Leave with full salary to accompany a sick child for treatment in a public or private hospital within the State; • Fully paid maternity leave; • Two hours per day for a period of two years, designated as “two hours for breastfeeding”; • Leave of 130 days in the case of the death of a spouse, which is the period of mourning prescribed by Islamic sharia for the death of a husband; such leave is not counted as part of other leave; • An accompanying family member if the woman has to travel on official business or to attend a training course; the costs of the companion are borne by the employer.
Para 26) The rate of participation in the workforce for individuals aged 15 years and over stands at 88.4 per cent. The results of a 2017 workforce sampling survey conducted by the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics show that the number of participants in the workforce rose from 2,055,359 in 2016 to 2,056,923 in 2017, of whom males accounted for 86.5 per cent and females for 13.5 per cent. The data indicates that the economic participation rate of individuals aged 15 years and over stands at 88.4 and includes 96.1 per cent of males and 58.5 per cent of females. Also according to the data, persons aged between 25 and 34 had the highest rate of economic participation (94.5 per cent), while the economic dependency rate stood at 29.2 per cent for the same year.
Para 27) The Ministry of Administrative Development, Labour and Social Affairs was brought into being pursuant to Amiri Decree No. 4 of 2016. The Ministry includes the Family Affairs Department, which is the competent authority for all matters pertaining to women and seeks to enhance the status and role of women in society and to maintain strong and cohesive families in which children are cared for and which abide by sound moral and religious values. The Family Affairs Department also helps to enact national strategies, plans and policies related to women, to provide social welfare and to develop and follow up on social development programmes, in coordination with the competent authorities.
Para 28) The Qatar Social Work Foundation was established in 2013 as a high-level institution with a unified management board that oversees and monitors entities within the State that are active in the area of social work. It formulates, develops and follows up on plans, programmes, policies and strategies aimed at furthering the objectives of civil society institutions, in cooperation and coordination with government ministries and agencies and with public and private entities at home and abroad. The Foundation includes the following: (1) the Social Protection and Rehabilitation Centre, (2) the Family Counselling Centre, (3) the Centre for the Care of Orphans, (4) the Centre for the Empowerment and Care of Older Persons, (5) the Shafallah Centre for Persons with Special Needs, (6) the Social Development Centre and (7) the “Best Buddies” Qatar initiative.
Para 29) The Qatar Social Work Foundation and its affiliated centres were involved in drafting the eight sectoral strategies that make up the Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022. The Foundation also oversees the development of plans for around 55 institutional and developmental projects being run by the centres in different areas. The projects – which focus on certain target groups in society – deal with critical issues such as disability, family guidance, combating violence and the care and empowerment of older persons and orphans.
Para 42) The State has continued to uphold women in positions of leadership and to support their involvement in public administration. This covers the exercise of political rights, including the right to vote and to stand for election to the Municipal Council, and is in line with international standards, particularly treaties regarding the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.
Para 43) Diagram 119 shows how the number of Qatari women in positions of leadership increased between 2008 and 2015. The rate of participation of Qatari women in the workforce remained stable at 36 per cent between 2012 and 2015 although significant progress was made in improving the balance between the work and life responsibilities of 13 women thanks to a revision of the 2009 Human Resources Act. The improved and more supportive working environment for women is partly due to the significant increase in the number of kindergartens and nurseries and the number of Qatari children enrolled therein; 71 per cent and 65 per cent respectively between 2011 and 2015.
Para 44) Under Amiri Decree No. 22 of 2017, four women were appointed to the Consultative Council, thereby reaffirming the importance the State ascribes to the involvement of women in the legislature and to upholding their rights as enshrined in the Constitution. In addition, a number of women have been enrolled into the judiciary and the Office of the Public Prosecutor.
Para 45) The number of Qatari women diplomats doubled to 90 in 2017, of whom 3 are ambassadors. A female spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was appointed in November 2017, becoming the first Qatari woman to be assigned to the position. With that appointment, the new spokesperson joins the group of Qatari women holding senior positions in the diplomatic and political spheres. In addition, under Prime Ministerial Decree No. 16 of 2016, a woman was appointed as Assistant Undersecretary for Administrative Affairs at the Ministry of Finance, while under Prime Ministerial Decree No. 21 of 2016, a woman was appointed as Assistant Undersecretary at the Ministry of Education. Under a further Prime Ministerial Decree, a woman was appointed as Assistant Undersecretary for the Development of Digital Society at the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Para 46) According to official statistics, the representation of women in decision-making positions stands at 30 per cent. The Qatar National Vision 2030 and the 2017–2022 population policy aim to increase this percentage by boosting the political involvement of Qatari women.

UN Compilation:
Para 44) … UNESCO also signalled that the official data revealed that it was mainly men who occupied leadership positions in Qatar University. Similarly, almost no women held leadership positions in corporations and in government.

Stakeholder Summary:
Para 11) Despite the overall low representation of women in decision-making positions and only one among the ministerial portfolios, the NHRC believed that the State of Qatar enabled women to serve as judges in previous years, which is considered a precedent among Gulf Arab states.

National Report:
Para 12) Since submitting its second national report to the universal periodic review mechanism, Qatar has acceded to a number of instruments: … • ICCPR, under Decree No. 40 of 2018; • ICESCR, under Decree No. 41 of 2018;

Stakeholder Summary:
Para 2) The State has also acceded to the ICCPR ….
Para 17) Joint Submission 4 (JS4) commended Qatar’s accession to the ICCPR … in 2018.
Para 18) AI expressed concern over the government’s sweeping reservations. Through lodging these reservations, Qatar has refused to fully recognize equal rights for women, including in matters of personal status laws, and has also stated that it will interpret the term “punishment” in line with the Islamic Shari’a.
Para 21) JS4 also stated that the sweeping reservations made to ICCPR and ICESCRs in respect to gender equality and declarations that appear to undermine the object and purpose of the Covenants, were regrettable, and that the gaps in domestic law and policy and the challenges that many individuals and groups faced in relation to their right to a nationality, detailed below, were all in clear violation of the international obligations of Qatar.

National Report:
Para 69) Women are involved in all levels of decision-making in the Congo, they make up 8.6 per cent of members of parliament and 13 per cent of the Government; they occupy 12 per cent of decision-making positions in the Ministries, 17.3 per cent in the departmental councils and 26 per cent in the municipal councils; in 2011, a total of 36.4 per cent of mayors were women.

Para 75) Currently, there is no provision under domestic legislation to define discrimination against women. However, the lack of a legal definition notwithstanding, efforts are being made to ensure that women are equal as regards ownership of property, access to employment and political activity. Women may own land through matrilineal or patrilineal filiation, through inheritance or by marriage.

Para 76) The Ministry for the Advancement of Women and the Integration of Women into Development has introduced a bill on the representation of women in political, administrative and elected positions. The Supreme Court has given a favourable opinion on the bill. Irrespective of the bill, Congolese women already play an active part in all sectors of public life.

Para 95) During the period 2007-2011, the education sector benefited from 12 per cent of extrabudgetary expenditure, i.e. 3 per cent of GDP. Free schooling has made it possible to improve the school enrolment rate. As an illustration, during the 2010/11 school year, the total number enrolled in school was 12,895, of whom 6,627 were girls.

Para 96) In 2009-2010, the number of persons enrolled in literacy courses and non-formal education was 11,702, of whom 7,021 were girls or women; in 2008-2009 the figure was 9,802.

Para 97) Under the project in support of basic education (PRAEBASE), pilot programmes for young school dropouts have been carried out: 1,244 young persons, including 627 girls, benefited from education programmes providing apprenticeships for trades in order to enable them to join the workforce.

Para 98) Between 2005 and 2011, the net primary school enrolment ratio rose from 87 per cent to 92 per cent; however the ratio of girls to boys in school fell from 0.97 per cent to 0.81 per cent in secondary education.

Para 113) The following measures have been adopted:
-Development of the national strategy on education for girls and promotion of the "Child- and girl-friendly school" model.

UN Compilation:
Para 10) UNICEF pointed out that the bill on equal access for women to political functions had been awaiting adoption by Parliament for years.

Stakeholder Summary:
Para 25) JS2 indicates that women's participation in political life is not in line with the parity principle as enshrined in the Constitution and the 2006 Political Parties Act.

Para 26) JS2 indicates that as at 2013 women hold 13 per cent of seats in the Senate and 7 per cent in the National Assembly, while 4 of the 38 government ministers (10 per cent) are women, as are 6 of the 26 advisers to the Office of the President of the Republic (23 per cent), 1 of the 9 members of the Constitutional Court (11 per cent), 15 of the 44 members of the National Human Rights Council (34 per cent), 27 of the 75 members of the Economic and Social Council (36 per cent) and 10 per cent of district mayors. JS2 indicates that there are no women serving as local mayors, prefects or chairs of departmental, communal or district councils, and that women remain underrepresented in the leadership of political parties.